Prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with missing teeth are often complicated by situations such as supraeruption the in opposite arch, rotation/tilting adjacent to edentulous space. Delayed replacement complicates both functional and aesthetic prosthodontic rehabilitation. However, can be overcome an interdisciplinary approach Prosthodontics Orthodontics. In order align place teeth, various orthodontic procedures, intrusion utilizing Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs), used. then used...

Corneal Blindness is a leading cause of blindness globally.Various conditions like Stevens Johnsons syndrome, severe chemical burns, cicatrical pemphigoid, end stage trachoma, multiple failed grafts and graft versus host disease lead to cornealdisease.Advancedcorneal leads blindness.When traditional treatment modes failure occurs, keratoprosthesis named osteo odonto developed by Strampelli in Italy life-changing prosthesis.This technique comprises biological components tooth bone complex...

The \ensuremath{\pi}/3-rhombus billiard is an example of the simplest pseudointegrable system having invariant integral surface genus g=2. We examine fluctuation properties eigenvalue sequences belonging to ``pure rhombus'' modes (the eigenfunctions take nonzero values on shorter diagonal). nearest-neighbor spacing statistics follow Berry-Robnik distribution with a chaotic fraction \ensuremath{\nu}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} (corresponding Liouville measure subspace) equal 0.8....

Modeling high aspect ratio field emitter arrays is a computational challenge due to the enormity of resources involved. The line charge model (LCM) provides an alternate semi-analytical tool that has been used both infinite as well finite sized arrays. It shown linearly varying density in LCM generically mimics ellipsoidal emitters rather than Cylindrical-Post-with-an-Ellipsoidal-Tip (CPET) typical nanowires. Furthermore, generalizing beyond linear regime allows for modeling shapes are...

IPS e.max is a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic known for its excellent translucency, durability, and strength, making it ideal minimally invasive restorations. It mimics natural light refraction, ensuring superior esthetics, especially single anterior posterior crowns. unique system that fulfills all of patients demands dentistry.A maxillary midline diastema, often associated with highly attached labial frenum, presents an esthetic challenge. In this case, the high frenum attachment was...

Hybrid prosthesis is a fixed-removable type of with semi-precision attachment. fulfils the objectives rehabilitation such as retention, stability and support characteristics similar to fixed aesthetics & hygiene maintenance removable prosthesis. When implant, FPD, conventional RPD are contraindicated or not accepted by patient, one can go for hybrid Unlike restoration, fixed- offers considerable advantages preventing lateral movement selective on occlusal loading. Therefore, it minimizes...

We introduce models incorporating an adaptive self-regulatory feedback mechanism on extended chaotic lattice. Numerical experiments show that our system gives rise to a host of novel spatiotemporal phenomena characterized by rich variety ``phases'' in parameter space. Moreover, interestingly, certain phases exhibit distinct scaling properties and 1/f noise.

The field enhancement factor (FEF) is an important quantity in emission calculations since the tunneling electron current depends very sensitively on its magnitude. exact dependence of FEF emitter height $h$, radius curvature at apex $R_a$, as well shape base still largely unknown. In this work, a universal formula for derived. It ratio $h/R_a$ and has form $\gamma_a = (2h/R_a)/[\alpha_1 \log(4h/R_a) - \alpha_2 ]$ where $\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$ depend charge distribution emitter. Numerical...

The curvature of field emitter tips leads to an altered tunneling potential that assumes significance when the radius is small. We provide here analytical curvature-corrected formula for emission current from smooth vertically aligned and test its applicability across a range apex radius, $R_a$, local electric field, $E_a$. It found give excellent results $R_a > 10$nm with errors generally less than $10\%$. Surprisingly, uncorrected potential, we find be high even at = 100$nm ($ 35\%$ $E_a...

A one-dimensional model of the virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) is proposed keeping only essential physical processes. The basic consists a radiating charge in an oscillating electric field. Using parameters from (realistic) particle-in-cell simulations such as Q and amplitude E1 field, correctly predicts oscillation power radiated. then extended to incorporate beam-cavity interaction resonance effect.

A recent analytical model for large area field emitters, based on the line charge (LCM), provides a simple approximate formula enhancement hemi-ellipsoidal emitter tips in terms of ratio height and pairwise distance between neighboring emitters. The formula, verified against exact solution linear LCM, was found to be adequate provided mean separation emitters is larger than half height. In this paper, we subject predictions more stringent test by simulating (i) an infinite regular array (ii)...

The proximity of the anode to a curved field electron emitter alters electric at apex and its neighborhood. A formula for enhancement factor, γa(D), generic smooth emitters is derived using line charge model when distance D from cathode plane. resulting approximately modular form such that contribution can be calculated separately (using geometric quantities as anode-cathode D, height h, radius curvature Ra) substituted into expression γa(∞). It also shown variation factor on surface close...

We study coupled systems whose elements are chaotic maps, with the coupling ranging from ``local'' (with interaction spreading over K neighbors) to ``global'' (mean-field-type coupling). find that well-defined peaks emerge in power spectrum of mean field, indicating a subtle coherence among elements, as extent coupling, i.e., K, is increased. observe significant quantity here not ratio number lattice size N, but magnitude K. After critical value equal ${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{c}}$, takes on...

Field emission from nano-structured emitters primarily takes place the tips. Using recent results on variation of enhancement factor around apex [Biswas et al., Ultramicroscopy 185, 1–4 (2018)], analytical expressions for surface distribution net emitted electrons, as well total and normal energy distributions are derived in terms radius Ra local electric field at Ea. Formulae current effective area these quantities also obtained.

The current-voltage data of a gated metallic nanotipped pyramidal emitter are analyzed using recent advances in field emission theory such as curvature corrections to the tunneling potential and generalized cosine law local electrostatic variation near apex. It is first shown numerically that holds for emitters. then subjected an experimental test [C. Lee, S. Tsujino, R. J. Dwayne Miller, Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 013505 (2018)] where minor uncertainties pyramid base length Lb apex radius Ra...

The Child–Langmuir law relates the voltage applied across a planar diode to saturation value JCL of current density that can be transmitted through it in case injection velocity electrons is zero. is, at same time: (i) maximum diode, (ii) below which flow steady and unidirectional long time limit, (iii) average for any injected above JCL. Existing generalizations nonzero velocities are based on characteristics This paper generalizes characteristic by deriving an analytical expression...

Methods for calculating the transmission coefficient are proposed, all of which arise from improved nonreflecting WKB boundary conditions at edge computational domain in one-dimensional geometries. In first, Schr\"odinger equation is solved numerically, while second a transfer matrix (TM) algorithm where potential approximated by steps, but with first and last modified to reflect new condition. Both methods give excellent results first-order conditions. The third uses method third-order For...

A finite-size uniform random distribution of vertically aligned field emitters on a planar surface is studied under the assumption that asymptotic and parallel to emitter axis. formula for enhancement factor first derived 2-emitter system this then generalized N-emitters placed arbitrarily (line, array, or random). It found geometric effects dominate shielding lines. The locations be closely approximated by an extreme value (Gumbel-minimum) when mean separation greater than height but better...

The image-charge potential plays a key role in field emission by lowering the barrier, thereby leading to an increase current density orders of magnitude. classical is however strictly applicable planar emitters rather than curved protrusions characteristic sites. Using recent results [Jensen et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 35, 02C101 (2017)] for hyperboloid emitting surface, we show that charge close emitter image magnitude and location are well approximated replacing surface locally sphere...

The maximum current that can be transported across a vacuum diode is limited by forces arising due to space charge. In planar configuration, the charge (SCL) density from emitting patch given Child-Langmuir (CL) law $J_{CL} \sim V_g^{3/2}/D^2$ where $V_g$ potential difference and $D$ separation between anode cathode. We show here analytically using nonlinear line model for curved emitter in limiting obeys scaling relationship $J_{SCL} \gamma_a $\gamma_a$ apex field enhancement factor of...