Consanguineous marriage is a union between first or second cousins. This practice very common in developing Asian countries especially Pakistan. Around 70% of marriages Pakistan are consanguineous. The major factors that promote consanguinity arranged marriages, illiteracy and inter-caste marriages. complications follow include, small birth size, congenital malformations, neonatal mortality, rare genetic disorders, deafness, heart disorders mental retardation. Serious steps must be taken to...

Background: Metastatic bone cancers are a significant clinical problem because metastasis disrupts normal homeostasis, including calcium dysregulation. Much less is known about hypocalcemia and its consequences. The study analyzed serum changes in metastatic cancer patients, assessed differences across diagnoses stages, evaluated alkaline phosphatase levels types of lesions. Method: A prospective was conducted on 100 using convenience sampling, at Indus Medical College Hospital, between...

The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous impact on health system and pharmaceutical industry in almost every country globally. Health services have been disrupted at many dimensions globally; communicating with patients homes away from clinics was commonly practiced order to provide safety actions healthcare team. These measures affected economic income hospitals addition insurers as well. Additionally, drug makers' inability get active ingredients Chinese factories considered...

Background: Although numerous studies have demonstrated that hand hygiene reduces health care–associated infection rates, adherence to guidelines remains uniformly low among care workers. The present study was undertaken assess the practices nursing students of Bareilly and suggest suitable corrective preventive measures be taken in future.Methods:These six months cross sectional carried out Rohilkhand Medical College Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total 50 participated study....

Purpose: During the timeline of twenty years, several epidemics and pandemics have occurred. Yet, a consistent feature these public health crises is surge in demand for healthcare services exceeds availability. Materials Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted month June July 2020 Karachi, Pakistan. The study participants included doctors medical students residing Karachi. Results: Out 187 doctors, 74.3% were working during COVID-19 pandemic, which 58.3% willing to work....

Abstract: Zika virus, as highlighted by the World Health Organization in February 2016, has emerged a public health emergency of international concern. virus is enveloped and icosahedral, nonsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. It belongs to Flaviviridae family. Aedes aegypticus mosquito known vector. Transmission anthroponotic (human vector human) during outbreaks, or occurs perinatally utero, sexually, via transfusion infected blood. turning out be major Not only it shown...

Within the past few years, activated charcoal is being actively used in cosmetic products. Due to its adsorbing properties, it all sorts of beauty products from face masks cleansers and even soaps. In past, has been as treatment poisoning but now with companies claiming charcoal's aptness treating skin blemishes, regained popularity. However, there little no clinical evidence support these claims. this study, we review current use effectiveness. With limited research, vigorous unregulated...

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has created an unprecedented state. As it is a new variant virus treatment options are not only limited but require painstaking trials to confirm their effectiveness. Due lack awareness in many developing countries people have started using herbal medications, used for various other diseases, combat COVID-19. Misleading information on social media regarding “Senna Makki” gone viral Pakistan. However, consumption Senna...

Background: The knowledge of the proper use, disposal sanitary pads, and its related side effects during menstruation is a vital aspect woman’s well-being. Use pads appropriately replacing them on time are essential practices needed to maintain menstrual hygiene. Failure do so may lead detrimental consequences that could affect health women make susceptible reproductive tract infections. Objectives were assess range factors considered by female about usage various methods employed regarding...

Ixodid ticks are in varying distribution patterns throughout Pakistan. They cause substantial losses to livestock industry terms of hide loss and vector-borne disease transmission. This study was conducted three districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) from March 2018 February 2019 with the aim determining prevalence seasonal variation tick species belonging Ixodidae family cattle population. A total 1145 adult were collected by a convenient method sampling 434 infested various breeds, age groups...

Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but deadly sequlae of peritoneal dialysis resulting in intraperitoneal inflammation and fibrosis. The disease itself can present variety ways associated with significant morbidity mortality. Here we the case man his 50's history chronic aspergillus as well end-stage renal on that had multiple admissions for abdominal fluid collections bowel obstruction. After multidisciplinary approach, patient was diagnosed encapsulating sclerosis then...

Habitual chewing of areca nut is the fourth most common drug habit in world, after alcohol, nicotine and caffeine.Around 600 million people around world practice it.A major extract from arecholine -an odourless oily liquid, which a nicotinic based alkaloid.This not only done for pleasure but also, as traditional many parts -more specifically South East Asia.Its influence can be judged by fact that places have been named their native languages.Regarding arecholine's chemical structure, it has...

Evidence based practice is the steps taken for precaution, treatment and intervention of a disease that dictated by previous studies. The data collected predecessors who observed initiation, progression termination or cure would be guidance to future treatment. Years trials tests are done determine timeline its termination, along with effects it leaves behind in long term. These facts figures important evidence treatments. idea was coined late 1970s. It dictates care patients on provided...

Dengue infection severity score – improvised disease management Syed Uzair Mahmood,1 Maryam Jamil Syed,1 Aisha Jamal,1 Maria Shoaib2 1Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh University, Karachi, Pakistan; 2Dow Dow University of Health Sciences, PakistanWe would like to add our views regarding the paper “Validation score” by Pongpan et al.1 As outlines, purpose Severity Score is classify individuals with dengue into three levels clinically acceptable underestimation or overestimation.View...

The Syria Civil War, which started in 2011, has killed 400,000 people. It forced more than 11 million people to suffer and caused not only the migrate but also be displaced within their own country. war brought misery lives of Syrians as damage focused on residents region combat. children have faced worst, losing parents, siblings or even friends violence, suffering physical psychological trauma. Out who suffered, 4.9 are refugees 6.1 Syria, out half those affected children.The end result...

Chikungungya is not a recently discovered disease but it came into lime light again when three of the seven continents suffered recent outbreak. The disease, its virus and vector- Aedes aegypti mosquito, were first described by Marion Robinson William Hepburn Russell Lumsden in 1955. Out fever, maculo-papular rash joint paint; severe arthralgia dominates symptoms chikungunya, that why word itself, translated language origin i.e. Makonde, means to become distorted. Many research studies have...

Salmonella typhi is a gram negative, rod shaped bacteria that features polysaccharide capsule, flagella for motility and fimbria adhesion to the epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa. The organism responsible causing enteric fever in severe cases it leads complications such as perforation which can lead death. mainstay treatment typhoid antibiotic therapy but unfortunately emergence MDR (multidrug resistant) XDR (extensively drug strains pose major threat successful typhoid. Around 200,000...