Marijuana (MJ) remains the most widely abused illicit substance in United States, and recent years, a decline perceived risk of MJ use has been accompanied by simultaneous increase rates among adolescents.In current study, we hypothesized that chronic smokers would perform cognitive tasks, specifically those require executive function more poorly than control subjects, individuals who started smoking regularly prior to age 16 (early onset) have difficulty after (late onset).Thirty-four...

Marijuana (MJ) use continues to rise, and as the perceived risk of using MJ approaches an all-time historic low, initiation is occurring at even younger ages. As adolescence a critical period neuromaturation, teens emerging adults are greater for experiencing negative effects on brain. In particular, has been shown be associated with alterations in frontal white matter microstructure, which may related reports increased levels impulsivity this population.

Difficulty monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana (MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems chronic MJ smokers, have alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, impulsivity measures to explore hypotheses that chronic, heavy smokers would demonstrate microstructure different association...

Marijuana (MJ) use is on the rise, particularly among teens and emerging adults. This poses serious public health concern, given potential deleterious effects of MJ developing brain. We examined 50 chronic smokers divided into early onset (regular prior to age 16; n=24) late (age 16 or later; n=26), 34 healthy control participants (HCs). All completed a modified Stroop Color Word Test during fMRI. Results demonstrated that exhibited significantly poorer performance Interference subtest...

Currently, 25 states and Washington DC have enacted full medical marijuana (MMJ) programs while 18 allow limited access to MMJ products. Limited permit low (or zero) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) high cannabidiol (CBD) products treat specified conditions such as uncontrolled epilepsy. Although are derived from the same plant species recreational MJ, they often selected for their unique cannabinoid constituents ratios, not typically sought by users, which may impact neurocognitive outcomes. To...

Abstract Background Evidence suggests cannabidiol (CBD) has anxiolytic properties, indicating potential for novel treatment strategies. However, few clinical trials of CBD-based products have been conducted, and none thus far examined the impact these on cognition. Methods For open-label stage trial NCT02548559, autoregressive linear modeling assessed efficacy tolerability four-weeks 1 mL t.i.d. with a full-spectrum, high-CBD sublingual solution (9.97 mg/mL CBD, 0.23...

The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased across nation, no studies thus far examined specific impact on cognitive function and related brain activation. In present study, treatment a variety documented conditions were assessed prior initiating after 3 months as part larger longitudinal study. order examine effect...

Across the nation, growing numbers of individuals are exploring use cannabis for medical or recreational purposes, and proportion cannabis-positive drivers involved in fatal crashes increased from 8 percent 2013 to 17 2014, raising concerns about impact on driving. Previous studies have demonstrated that is associated with impaired driving performance, but thus far, research has primarily focused effects acute intoxication. The current study assessed potential performance using a customized...

Previous studies have demonstrated improvements in pain following short-term medical cannabis (MC) use, suggesting long-term MC treatment may alleviate symptoms associated with chronic pain. The goal of this observational and longitudinal study was to examine patients using treat pre versus post treatment. These interim analyses included 37 evaluated prior initiation 3 6 months use; pain, clinical state, sleep, quality life, conventional medication use were assessed. Correlation examined the...

Abstract Background Previous research has shown relatively diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation and heightened psychophysiological responses during the recollection of personal events in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but origin these abnormalities is unknown. Twin studies provide opportunity to determine whether such reflect familial vulnerabilities, result from trauma exposure, or are acquired characteristics PTSD. Methods In this case–control twin study, 26 male...

Objective: Despite growing evidence that chronic marijuana use is associated with cognitive impairment, particularly when initiated at an early age, national trends demonstrate significant decreases in the perceived risk of corresponding increased use, especially among youth. The current study assessed impact on executive function and whether patterns including earlier age onset, higher frequency, magnitude predict impairment. Method: Forty-four chronic, heavy smokers (37 male, 7 female) 32...

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), deliberate behavior resulting in self-inflicted damage to oneself, is common, particularly among female adolescents, and may be a form of maladaptive emotion regulation. Cognitive interference, specific type processing associated with inhibiting prepotent responses favor less automatic ones, utilized treatment strategies shift patients' thoughts behaviors away from replace them more adaptive ones. We examined cognitive interference using the Multi-Source...

Abstract Objective: Cannabis use has increased dramatically across the country; however, few studies have assessed long-term impact of medical cannabis (MC) on cognition. Studies examining recreational users generally report cognitive decrements, particularly in those with adolescent onset. As MC patients differ from consumers motives for use, product selection, and age onset, we clinical measures well-characterized over 1 year. Based previous findings, hypothesized would not show decrements...

Although several psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders, not all patients respond well to each option. Furthermore, given the relatively long duration of adequate trials, finding a good fit can take many months or longer. Thus, both clinicians would benefit from identification objective pre-treatment measures that predict which will best treatment. Recent studies have begun use biological help symptomatic change after in disorders. In this...

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in those diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. However, there conflicting evidence as to whether marijuana may alleviate or exacerbate mood symptomatology. As disorder and use are individually associated cognitive impairment, it also remains unclear an additive effect on cognition when patients marijuana. The current study aimed determine impact of examine confers additional negative function. Twelve who smoke (MJBP), 18 do not (BP), 23...

In healthy individuals, stimuli associated with injury (such as those depicting blood or wounds) tend to evoke negative responses on both self-report and psychophysiological measures. Such an instinctive aversion makes sense from evolutionary perspective. However, engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), this natural barrier must be overcome. The Benefits Barriers model of NSSI predicts that people who will show diminished NSSI-related compared controls do not NSSI. We tested hypothesis a...

Abstract Objective Expanding access to legal cannabis has dovetailed with increased interest in medical (MC) use; however, there is a paucity of research examining MC use alleviate menopause-related symptoms. This survey study assessed patterns perimenopausal and postmenopausal individuals. Methods Participants (perimenopausal, n = 131; postmenopausal, 127) completed assessments symptomatology use, including modes type symptoms addressed by use. Results Most participants reported current...

During 2012, the designer drug 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole emerged in Sweden, and became available at different web sites under name 5-IT or 5-API. This compound is an indole derivative a positional isomer of alpha-methyltryptamine. In this paper, we report pathology toxicology from 15 deaths involving 5-IT. Routine postmortem was performed femoral blood, using targeted screening for pharmaceuticals drugs abuse with liquid chromatography time-of-flight technology, positive results were...

Cognitive deficits are well-documented in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) and may impact the efficacy of psychotherapy. control, a form executive functioning, is often used therapeutically to shift patients' thoughts behaviors from automatic, maladaptive responses adaptive coping strategies. This study examined cognitive control processing BPD using Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT).Twenty-nine diagnosed 21 healthy (HC) subjects completed MSIT concurrent functional magnetic...

: Cannabis concentrates, including dabs, contain extremely high levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although these products appear to be gaining popularity among recreational cannabis consumers, little data exists regarding concentrate use in the US. We conducted a national web-based survey examine patterns use, specifically dabbing. 4077 respondents completed designed assess conventional flower relative dabs. Individuals provided information about frequency and magnitude also Marijuana...