In this paper, we investigate the relationship between dynamic range and quantization noise power in modulo analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Two ADC systems are considered: (1) a which outputs folded samples an additional 1-bit folding information signal, (2) without information. A recovery algorithm that unfolds quantized using extra is analyzed. Using dithered framework, show oversampling factor of $\mathrm{OF} > 3$ quantizer resolution $b sufficient conditions to unfold samples. When...

Particulate Matters PM $$_{2.5}$$ and $$_{10}$$ present a major health environmental concern in urban regions. This research compares machine learning time series models, such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Facebook Prophet, for predictions of these matters. Their performances have been evaluated over 1-2 hours, 1 day week forecasting periods using five years real-life data from...

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the electrical manifestation of contractile activity heart. In this work, it proposed to utilize an adaptive threshold technique on spectrogram computed using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) for QRS complex detection in electrocardiogram signal. The algorithm consists preprocessing raw ECG signal remove power-line interference, computing STFT, applying thresholding and followed by identifying peaks. Sensitivity, Specificity Detection error rate are calculated...

In practice, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is used to perform sampling. A practical bottleneck of ADC its lower dynamic range, leading loss information. To address this issue, researchers suggested folding operation on the signal using a modulo operator before passing it as an input ADC. Though process preserves information, unfolding algorithm required get true samples from folded samples. Noise robustness and computational time are two key parameters algorithm. paper, we propose fast...

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that characterized by intermittent epileptic seizures can be identified in an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. This letter proposes low computational complex method to classify EEG signals using suitable Ramanujan periodic subspace (RPS). Initially, this divides the given single-channel signal into multiple nonoverlapping blocks, which are projected onto particular RPS. The energy of projection used as feature each block or nonepileptic, SVM binary...

Suppression of interference from narrowband frequency signals play vital role in many signal processing and communication applications. A transform based method for suppression narrow band a biomedical is proposed. As specific example Electrocardiogram (ECG) considered the analysis. ECG one widely used signal. often contaminated with baseline wander noise, powerline (PLI) artifacts (bioelectric signals), which complicates raw This work proposes an approach using Ramanujan periodic reducing...

ECG analysis is used significantly in diagnosis, and biometrics. QRS complex detection an important step any application involving signal. In this work, a novel approach for based on chirplet transform proposed. The algorithm proposed work mainly consists of four steps. A preprocessing to remove power line interference, computation transform, adaptive threshold technique detecting possible peaks, followed by decision making step. performance evaluated MIT-BIH database compared with the...

In this article, we introduce two types of real-valued sums known as Complex Conjugate Pair Sums (CCPSs) denoted CCPS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1)</sup> and xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2)</sup> , discuss a few their properties. Using each type CCPSs circular shifts, construct non-orthogonal Nested Periodic Matrices (NPMs). As NPMs are non-singular, introduces transforms Transforms (CCPTs) CCPT . We propose...

Ramanujan Periodic Transform (RPT) is a newly emerging transformation technique in the field of signal processing. It uses an integer bases (obtained from sum) for transformation. A recorded ECG often contains artifacts (bioelectric signals) namely, baseline wander, muscle (EMG-Electromyogram), motion artifacts, powerline interference (PLI) and its harmonics. With certain precautions during recording we can avoid both artifacts. The other noises be reduced by preprocessing signal. In this...

Ramanujan Periodic Transform (RPT) is the newly emerging transform to identify periodicities in given data. RPT represents finite length sequence into a weighted linear combination of signals from subspaces. has inability handling frequency components with subspace. This due basis function (Ramanujan sum) used RPT. To overcome this, new mixed representation proposed which uses both sequences subspace and complex exponentials as are orthogonal each other. Using this representation, problem...

This letter introduces a real valued summation known as Complex Conjugate Pair Sum (CCPS). The space spanned by CCPS and its one circular downshift is called {\em Subspace (CCS)}. For given positive integer $N\geq3$, there exists $\frac{\varphi(N)}{2}$ CCPSs forming CCSs, where $\varphi(N)$ the Euler's totient function. We prove that these CCSs are mutually orthogonal their direct sum form dimensional subspace $s_N$ of $\mathbb{C}^N$. propose any signal finite length $N$ represented linear...

Recovering a sparse target vector with reduced sparsity from given observation is major challenge in many applications. The well-known tail-minimization approaches tackle this by minimizing the tail part of vector. Building upon this, recent development, fast iterative soft thresholding algorithm (Tail-FISTA) formulates problem as an unconstrained l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -minimization and solves it FISTA method....

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are essential components in modern data acquisition systems. A key design challenge is accommodating high dynamic range (DR) input signals without clipping. Existing solutions, such as oversampling, automatic gain control (AGC), and compander-based methods, have limitations handling high-DR signals. Recently, the Unlimited Sampling Framework (USF) has emerged a promising alternative. It uses non-linear modulo operator to map within ADC range. recovery...

In this letter, we study a few properties of Complex Conjugate Pair Sums (CCPSs) and Subspaces (CCSs). Initially, consider an LTI system whose impulse response is one period data CCPS. For given input x(n), prove that the output equivalent to computing first order derivative x(n). Further, with some constraints on response, also second derivative. With this, show fine edge detection in image can be achieved using CCPSs as over Ramanujan (RSs). Later computation projection for CCS studied....

R peak delineation is fundamental step in any application implicating electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. ECG non stationary and linear. Hence, linear transforms like short time fourier transform, wavelet transform chirplet may be inadequate to represent signal consequently for delineation. Polynomial (PCT) models the frequency into a higher order polynomial enhance representation of signals whose vary linearly with time. In this paper, PCT based method using adaptive threshold proposed. The...

Solving linear inverse problems plays a crucial role in numerous applications. Algorithm unfolding based, model-aware data-driven approaches have gained significant attention for effectively addressing these problems. Learned iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (LISTA) and alternating direction method of multipliers compressive sensing network (ADMM-CSNet) are two widely used such approaches, based on ISTA ADMM algorithms, respectively. In this work, we study optimization guarantees, i.e.,...

Suppression of interference from narrowband frequency signals play vital role in many signal processing and communication applications. A transform based method for suppression narrow band a biomedical is proposed. As specific example Electrocardiogram (ECG) considered the analysis. ECG one widely used signal. often contaminated with baseline wander noise, powerline (PLI) artifacts (bioelectric signals), which complicates raw This work proposes an approach using Ramanujan periodic reducing...

Motor imagery on EEG signals are widely used in brain computer interface (BCI) system with many interesting applications. However, it is not easy to interpret motor signal due non-stationary and noisy features of the signal. In this paper, we investigate three different techniques energy calculation as a part extraction methods including L2-norm, leverage score, absolute Z-score. This BCI framework use CSP feature method extreme learning machine (ELM) classify general, investigated has...