The detection of multiple changes (i.e., different kinds change) in multitemporal remote sensing images is a complex problem. When multispectral having <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> spectral bands are considered, an effective solution to this problem exploit all available channels the framework supervised or partially approaches. However, many real applications, it difficult/impossible collect ground truth information for...

A theoretical model is developed in which both buybacks and the adoption of an IMF programme can be used as screening devices enable a creditor to discriminate between debtor countries are willing use debt relief order invest repay not. Asymmetric information assumed. This problem solved if country has sufficient resources engage buyback so gain relief. When credit constrained, alternative mechanism undertake return for reduction possibly loan.

In this letter, we investigate the effects of pansharpening (PS) applied to multispectral (MS) multitemporal images in change-detection (CD) applications. Although CD maps computed from pansharpened data show an enhanced spatial resolution, they can suffer errors due artifacts induced by fusion process. The rationale our analysis consists understanding which extent such affect spatially maps. To end, a quantitative is performed based on novel strategy that exploits similarity measures rank...

This paper presents an automatic context-sensitive technique robust to registration noise (RN) for change detection (CD) in multitemporal very high geometrical resolution (VHR) remote sensing images. Exploiting the properties of RN VHR images, proposed analyzes distribution spectral vectors (SCVs) computed according vector analysis (CVA) a quantized polar domain. The method studies SCVs falling into each quantization cell at different levels (scales) automatically identify effects...

We focus on the role that transmission of information between a multilateral (e.g., IMF) and country has for optimal (conditional) reform design. The main result is informational advantage must be strictly greater than in order to increase country’s discretion choice policies implemented (country ownership). To contrary, an conflict interests may lead leave more freedom designing reforms, which at odds what commonly argued. Our empirical results provide support idea IMF follows allocation...

In this paper we explore the factors that determine level at which World Bank projects are implemented. particular, focusing on importance of informational asymmetry between levels government, empirically assess whether choice is influenced by relative local information recipient country level. Using an AidData dataset provides more than 5800 for period 1995-2014, and controlling characteristics both project level, find transparency does influence probability a implemented locally rather...

In this paper Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent (ICA), and Kernel (KICA) are studied compared in the framework of unsupervised change detection multitemporal remote sensing images. Different architectures for using above-mentioned techniques investigated, their capability to discriminate true changes from different sources noise analyzed. Experimental results obtained on a pair very high geometrical resolution Quickbird images point out main properties methods when applied detection.

We focus on the role that transmission of information between a multilateral (the IMF) and country has for optimal design conditional reforms. Our model predicts when agency problems are especially severe, and/or IMF is valuable, centralized control indeed optimal. To contrary, local knowledge more important than bias we expect delegation to dominate. Controlling economic political factors, our empirical tests show number conditions lower in countries with greater social complexity, while it...

This paper analyzes the problem of change detection in very high resolution (VHR) multitemporal images by studying effects residual misregistration [registration noise (RN)] between acquired on same geographical area at different times. In particular, according to an experimental analysis driven from a theoretical study, main RN VHR are identified and some important properties derived described polar framework for vector analysis. addition, technique adaptive unsupervised explicit estimation...

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Abstract We analyze the labor market for painters in Baroque Rome using unique data on primary sales of portraits, still lifes, genre paintings, landscapes, and figurative paintings. In line with traditional artistic hierarchy genres, average price differentials between them were high. The matched painter‐patron nature dataset allows us to evaluate extent which heterogeneity is related unobservable characteristics patrons. find that allocated artists genres point equalizing marginal return...

Abstract This paper explores the role of information transmission and misaligned interests across levels governments in explaining variation degree decentralization countries. We analyse two alternative policy-decision schemes—‘decentralization’ ‘centralization’— within a two-sided incomplete principal–agent framework. The quality communication depends on conflict between government which level controls decentralization. show that extent relative importance local central knowledge affect...

We investigate the degree of leeway donors foreign aid should grant to recipient governments when their preferences over how implement are different, and both donor possess some private information about most effective policies. Intuitively, our model shows that stay in control is spent own more important than recipient. Less obviously, an increase difference between recipients can rather decrease recipients, as recipients' gains importance relative those donors, become less likely...

Abstract In this paper we explore the factors that determine delegation of implementation in project aid. particular, focusing on importance informational asymmetry between levels government, empirically assess whether choice is influenced by relative local information at recipient country level. Moreover, test can turn influence performance. Using more than 5800 World Bank projects for period 1995-2014, and controlling characteristics both level, find transparency does probability a...

We examine both grants and net loans made to low income countries during the last two decades understand main reasons that motivated behaviour of donors creditors. find total amount transfers HIPCs, as compared non-HIPCs, have been increasing with their debt level. Greater taken form from multilateral organizations in exchange for bilateral institutions. The evidence thus suggests HIPCs kept receiving large amounts resources just because high indebtedness, thereby supporting hypothesis...