To provide an effective substrate for cognitive processes, functional brain networks should be able to reorganize and coordinate on a sub-second temporal scale. We used magnetoencephalography recordings of spontaneous activity characterize whole-brain connectivity dynamics at high resolution. Using novel approach that identifies the points in time which unique patterns recur, we reveal transient (100-200 ms) states with spatial topographies similar those well-known resting state networks. By...

The brain is capable of producing coordinated fast changing neural dynamics across multiple regions in order to adapt rapidly environments. However, it non-trivial identify multiregion at sub-second time-scales electrophysiological data. We propose a method that, with no knowledge any task timings, can simultaneously and describe transient terms their temporal, spectral spatial properties. approach models activity using discrete set sequential states, each state distinguished by its own This...

Spontaneous (or resting-state) brain activity has attracted a growing body of neuroimaging research over the last decades. Whole-brain network models have proved helpful to investigate source slow (<0.1 Hz) correlated hemodynamic fluctuations revealed in fMRI during rest. However, mechanisms mediating resting-state long-distance correlations and relationship with faster neural remain unclear. Novel insights coming from MEG studies shown that amplitude envelopes alpha- beta-frequency...

Significance Chemosensory systems play crucial roles across mosquito life cycles, with underlying molecular receptors often forming functional complexes that require cognate coreceptors. To better understand chemosensory pathways in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii , gene editing were used to localize and functionally characterize ionotropic receptor coreceptor AcIr76b . Expression of was observed antennal grooved pegs, coeloconic sensilla, other accessory olfactory appendages. When...

Our understanding of the dynamics neuronal activity in human brain remains limited, due part to a lack adequate methods for reconstructing from noninvasive electrophysiological data. Here, we present novel adaptive time-varying approach source reconstruction that can be applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) The method is underpinned by Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which infers points time when particular states re-occur sensor space HMM inference finds...

There is strong evidence to suggest that data recorded from magnetoencephalography (MEG) follows a non-Gaussian distribution. However, existing standard methods for source localisation model the using only second order statistics, and therefore use inherent assumption of Gaussian In this paper, we present new general method estimation stationary signals localising brain activity MEG data. By providing Bayesian formulation localisation, show probability density function (pdf), which not...

Anopheles mosquitoes are the sole vectors of malaria. Although adult females directly responsible for disease transmission and accordingly have been extensively studied, survival pre-adult larval stages is vital. Mosquito larvae utilize a spectrum chemosensory other cues to navigate their aquatic habitats avoid predators search food. Here we examine olfactory responses, in which peripheral components associated with antennal sensory cone. Larval behavior cone responses volatile stimuli...

We demonstrate a method to estimate key electrophysiological parameters from resting state data. In this paper we focus on the estimation of head-position parameters. The recovery these is especially challenging as they are non-linearly related measured field. order do use an empirical Bayesian scheme cortical current distribution due range laterally shifted head-models. compare different methods approaching problem division M/EEG data into stationary sections and performing separate source...

The use of live algae and preserved algal products was examined as to their utility in supporting growth survival the feather duster worm, Sabellastarte spectabilis . Hatchery‐reared 4‐mo‐old worms were provided same cell densities T‐Iso, Nannochlropsis sp., Nannochloropsis sp. over course 132 d. A group placed a water table that received continuous flow raw seawater served controls. Live T‐Iso resulted highest (86.7 ± 6.2% 78.3 16.5%, respectively) compared all other treatments. fed...

Abstract Anopheline mosquitoes rely on their highly sensitive chemosensory apparatus to detect diverse chemical stimuli that drive the host-seeking and blood-feeding behaviors required vector pathogens for malaria other diseases. This process incorporates a variety of receptors transduction pathways. We have used advanced in vivo gene-editing -labelling approaches localize functionally characterize ionotropic co-receptor AcIr76b mosquito Anopheles coluzzii , where it impacts both olfactory...

Abstract Background Disrupted balance between amyloidogenic and non‐amyloidogenic pathways leads to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Evidence suggests vitamin A (VA) supplementation favors the pathway through upregulation of α‐secretase. Originally used map embryonic retinoic acid (RA) signaling, RARE‐LacZ mice possess multiple LacZ genes controlled by response elements (RAREs). We crossed with AD mouse models determine their suitability for quantitative studies into effects VA...

Abstract The sensitivity to volatile carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) produced by humans and other animals is a critical component in the host preference behaviors of malaria vector mosquito Anopheles coluzzii . molecular receptors responsible for ability sense CO are encoded three putative gustatory receptor ( Gr genes Gr22,23,24 which expressed distinctive array sensory neurons housed maxillary palp capitate peg sensilla An. Despite identification these components subsequent studies, there paucity...

Abstract Anopheles mosquitoes are the sole vectors of malaria and other diseases that represent significant threats to global public health. While adult female responsible for disease transmission, pre-adult larval stages vector coluzzii rely on a broad spectrum sensory cues navigate their aquatic habitats efficiently avoid predators search food. Of these, mosquito larvae heavily volatile chemical signals directly activate olfactory apparatus. Because most studies olfaction focus adults,...

Abstract Mosquitoes rely heavily on their olfactory systems for host seeking, selection of oviposition sites, and avoiding predators other environmental dangers. Of these behaviors, the preferential a human blood-meal drives vectorial capacity anthropophilic female Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are dispersed across several appendages head express an obligate odorant co-receptor (Orco) coupled with “tuning” (OR) to form heteromeric, odor-gated ion channels...

Anopheles mosquitoes are the sole vectors of malaria and other diseases that represent significant threats to global public health. While adult female responsible for disease transmission, pre-adult larval stages vector coluzzii rely on a broad spectrum sensory cues navigate their aquatic habitats efficiently avoid predators search food. Of these, mosquito larvae heavily volatile chemical signals directly activate olfactory apparatus. Because most studies olfaction focus adults, paucity...

Abstract Anopheline mosquitoes are the sole vectors of malaria and rely on olfactory cues for host seeking in which ammonia derived from human sweat plays an essential role. To investigate function Anopheles coluzzii ammonium transporter ( AcAmt ) mosquito system, we generated null mutant line using CRISPR/Cas9. -/- mutants displayed a series novel phenotypes compared with wild-type including significantly lower insemination rates during mating increased mortality eclosion. Furthermore,...