This article reports on a numerical and experimental investigation to understand improve computer methods in application of the Goldak model for predicting thermal distribution submerged arc welding (SAW) APIX65 pipeline steel. Accurate prediction cycle residual stresses will enable control fusion zone geometry, microstructure, mechanical properties SAW joint. In this study, new heat source is presented first. Both 2D 3D finite element models are developed using solution transfer equations...

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red- and near-infrared (NIR) light has shown beneficial regenerative effects on cell functionalities consequently health applications. Light parameter values, particularly power density, significantly affect the treatment outcomes. The limited use of in transcutaneous applications is due to attenuation challenge, which restricts transmission energy deeper tissues. However, potential restore cellular function presents a promising strategy for...

A new class of wireless neural interfaces is under development in the form tens to hundreds mm-sized untethered implants, distributed across target brain region(s). Unlike traditional that are tethered a centralized control unit and suffer from micromotions may damage surrounding tissue, free-floating implantable recording (FF-WINeR) probes will be stand-alone, directly communicating with an external interrogator. Towards FF-WINeR, this paper we describe micromachining, microassembly,...

Since the lattice Boltzmann method originally carries out simulations on regular Cartesian lattices, curved boundaries are often approximated as a series of stair steps. The most commonly employed technique for resolving curved-boundary problems is extrapolating or interpolating macroscopic properties boundary nodes. Previous investigations have indicated that using more than one equation extrapolation interpolation in conditions potentially causes abrupt changes particle distributions....

Numerical calculations are carried out for natural convection induced by a temperature difference between cold outer square enclosure and hot inner cylinder with two different geometries (i.e. circular square). A two-dimensional solution is obtained, using the finite volume method Rayleigh numbers varying over range of (10<SUP>3</SUP>–10<SUP>5</SUP>). The study goes further to investigate effect vertical position on heat transfer flow field. location vertically changed along center-line...

In this paper, a two-dimensional model has been developed to simulate the liquid water transport in cathode gas diffusion layer with different porosity gradients polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Due complexity of porous media, simulation was carried out by lattice Boltzmann method. According dimensionless numbers that characterize conditions were similar transfer into PEMFC. Different layers created randomly solid circular particles an average diameter [Formula: see text]...

Electrical power generation employing pressure-driven flows is a fundamental problem in microfluidics. In the present work, analytical and numerical analyses are performed to study interplaying effects of electrolyte motion with associated electrical current flat microchannel without fluid reservoirs. The modified Navier–Stokes equations as well Poisson equation for distribution electric potential Nernst–Planck charge densities solved steady flow Newtonian liquid. results show that flow, an...

This paper addresses the need for an efficient and adaptable approach to solve linear acoustic wave equations in lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A novel lattice-adaptive model is introduced, derived through a Chapman–Enskog analysis, which utilizes single relationship equilibrium distribution function across all structures. The intended derivation begins by considering standard with unknown coefficients. By selecting displacement of as zero-order microscopic moment, accurate recovery...

Implantable devices, ultrasound imaging catheters, and ablation catheters (such as renal denervation catheters) are biomedical instruments that generate heat in the body. The generated can be harmful if body temperature exceeds limit of almost 315 K. This paper presents a heat-transfer model analysis, to evaluate rise human blood due power loss medical implantable devices. dynamic transfer is modeled for vessel, at different flow velocities. physics governing equations from implanted energy...

In Electro-Osmotic Pumps (EOPs), a micro fluid flow is formed by applying an external electric field via two electrodes immersed in the electrolyte. The electrodes, due to lying path, can consider obstacle that negatively affect inside microchannel. This issue usually neglected studies performed on electroosmotic flows. Concerning this motivation, paper, novel concept of multi-stage EOP (introduced earlier researchers) was investigated numerically where were attached wall micropump so as not...

This study used the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to evaluate water distribution in gas diffusion layer (GDL) of cathode PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs) with porosity gradient. Due LBM’s capability parallel processing a GPU and high volume computing necessary, especially for small grids, was done on graphics card help CUDA speed up computing. The two-phase flow boundary conditions GDL are similar transfer PEMFCs. results show that capillary force is main cause GDL, gravity has little effect...

In viscous micropumps one of the main reasons for a flow rate reduction is vortices which are located at top rotating rotor. this paper, we have tried to add proper additional walls in micropump channel, eliminate or decrease size these vortices. Among all investigated new models, only one, I-Shaped with an extra step above rotor, could reduce and also increase outlet rate. numerical simulations were conducted by using Lattice Boltzmann Method exploiting Immersed Boundary method Blocking...