This study evaluates the radiometric consistency between Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) using cross calibration techniques. Two approaches are used, one based on two sensors simultaneous image pairs, acquired during an underfly event 29–30 March 2013. The other approach is time series of statistics by these over Libya 4 pseudo invariant site (PICS) (+28.55°N, +23.39°E). Analyses from show that reflectance OLI generally within ±3%...

This paper presents the vicarious calibration results of Landsat 8 OLI that were obtained using reflectance-based approach at test sites in Nevada, California, Arizona, and South Dakota, USA. Additional data Radiometric Calibration Test Site, which is a suite instruments located Railroad Valley, The for top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance show an average difference −2.7, −0.8, 1.5, 2.0, 0.0, 3.6, 5.8, 0.7% bands 1–8 as compared to all ground-based measurements. reflectance shows 1.6, 1.3,...

The Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8 satellites carry on-board moderate resolution multispectral imagers for the purpose of documenting Earth's changing surface. Though they are independently built managed, users will certainly take advantage opportunity to have higher temporal coverage by combining datasets. Thus it is important radiometric geometric calibration MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) Operational Land Imager (OLI) be compatible. Cross-calibration MSI OLI has been accomplished using...

Current strategies for phenotyping above-ground biomass in field breeding nurseries demand significant investment both time and labor. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can be used to derive vegetation indices (VIs) with high throughput could provide an efficient way predict forage yield accuracy. The main objective of the study is investigate potential UAV-based multispectral data machine learning approaches estimation oat biomass. UAV equipped a sensor was flown over three experimental fields...

With the launch of Landsat 9 in September 2021, an optimal opportunity for in-flight cross-calibration occurred when flew underneath 8 while being moved into its final orbit. Since two instruments host nearly identical imaging systems, underfly event offered ideal conditions. The purpose this work was to use imagery collected by estimate parameters a calibration update scheduled at end on-orbit initial verification (OIV) period. Three types uncertainty were considered: geometric, spectral,...

Landsat Level-1 products are delivered as quantized and calibrated scaled Digital Numbers (DN). The DN data can be rescaled to Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance applying radiometric rescaling coefficients. Currently, the product is standard of sensors. more recent Level-2 contain surface values, i.e., it would measured at ground level in absence atmospheric effects; near future, these anticipated become purpose this paper present a performance evaluation for Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic...

In 2013, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group Calibration and Validation (WGCV) Infrared Visible Optical Sensors Subgroup (IVOS) established Radiometric Network (RadCalNet), consisting of four international test sites providing automated in situ measurements estimates propagated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. This work evaluates ‘reliability’ RadCalNet TOA reflectance data at three these sites—RVUS, LCFR, GONA—using Landsat 7 ETM+, 8 operational land...

This paper presents the initial vicarious radiometric calibration results for Landsat 9 OLI using a combination of ground-based techniques and test sites located in Nevada, California, South Dakota, USA. The field data collection methods include traditional reflectance-based approach automated Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS). top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance show an average ratio (OLI/ground measurements) 1.03, 1.01, 1.00, 1.02, 0.98, 1.01 bands 1–8, which is within design...

This study presents the selection of 20 Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) for radiometric calibration and derivation their hyperspectral profiles using DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) Hyperion data. The profile one these clusters, GONA-EPICS cluster, was validated against ground truth measurements from RadCalNet Gobabeb Namibia (GONA) site, demonstrating statistical agreement within respective uncertainties through Welch’s test. applicability further...

This study addresses the critical need for radiometrically accurate and consistent hyperspectral data as remote sensing community moves towards a world. Previous calibration efforts on Hyperion, first on-orbit sensors, have exhibited temporal stability absolute accuracy limitations. work has developed validated novel cross-calibration methodology to address these challenges. Also, this adds two other DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) Surface mineral Dust Source Investigation...

Users of remotely sensed Earth optical imagery are increasingly demanding a surface reflectance or temperature product instead the top-of-atmosphere products that have been produced historically. Validating accuracy remains difficult task since it involves assessment across range atmospheric profiles, as well many different land types. Thus, standard approaches from satellite calibration community do not apply, and new technologies need to be developed. The Big Multi-Agency Campaign (BigMAC)...

Landsat 8 Level 2 Collection (L2C2) surface reflectance (SR) products are widely used in various scientific applications by the remote sensing community, where their accuracy is vital for reliable analysis. However, discrepancies have been observed at shorter wavelength bands, which can affect certain applications. This study investigates root cause of these differences analyzing assumptions made Land Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC), atmospheric correction algorithm 8, as currently...

Cross-calibration is an essential technique for calibrating Earth observation satellite sensors, which involves taking nearly simultaneous images of a ground target to compare uncalibrated sensor well-calibrated reference sensor. This study introduces the hyperspectral Trend-to-Trend (T2T) cross-calibration utilizing EPICS Cluster 13 Global Temporally Stable (Cluster 13-GTS) as calibration target, offering better temporal stability than previous targets used in T2T by absolute difference...

A significant problem facing the optical satellite calibration community is limited knowledge of uncertainties associated with fundamental measurements, such as surface reflectance, used to derive radiometric estimates.In addition, it difficult compare capabilities teams around globe, which leads differences in estimated sensors.This paper reports on two recent field campaigns that were designed isolate common within and across groups, particularly respect ground-based reflectance...

The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) for the Landsat 8 platform was designed and built at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). TIRS data will extend record thermal observations from heritage sensors, dating back to launch of 4 in 1982. two-band (10.9 12.0 μm) pushbroom sensor with a 185 km-wide swath uses staggered arrangement quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIPs) arrays. required spatial resolution is 100 m TIRS, assessment crop moisture water resources being science drivers that...

Brazil and China have a long-term joint space based sensor program called China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS). The most recent satellite of this (CBERS-4) was successfully launched on 7 December 2014. This work describes complete procedure, along with the associated uncertainties, used to calculate in-flight absolute calibration coefficients for sensors Multispectral Camera (MUX) Wide-Field Imager (WFI) on-board CBERS-4. Two radiometric techniques were applied: (i)...

Pseudo invariant calibration sites (PICS) have been extensively used for the radiometric and temporal stability monitoring of optical satellite sensors. Due to limited knowledge about North Africa, only a number in region are this purpose. This work presents an automated approach classify Africa its potential use as extended PICS (EPICS) covering vast portions continent. An unsupervised classification algorithm identified 19 “clusters” representing distinct land surface types was used; three...

The Landsat 8 and 9 Underfly Event occurred in November 2021, during which flew beneath the final stages before settling its orbiting path. An analysis was performed on images taken this event, resulted a cross-calibration with uncertainties estimated to be less than 0.5%. This level of precision due, part, near-identical sensors aboard each instrument, as well underfly event itself, allowed take nearly exact same image at time. initial calibration applied end on-orbit verification (OIV)...

This work describes a proposed radiometric cross calibration between the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel 2A Multispectral Instrument (MSI) sensors. The cross-calibration procedure involves (i) correction of MSI data to account for spectral band differences with OLI (ii) normalization Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) effects in from both sensors using new model accounting view zenith/azimuth angles addition solar zenith/view angles. Following...

Atmospherically corrected surface reflectance (SR) products are used for reliable monitoring of land surfaces and the standard Landsat sensors. Due to increased demand SR products, a need exists verify that L2C2 (Level-2 Collection-2) precise accurate. The Level-2 Collection 2 (L2C2) Product has processed satellite imagery data correct atmospheric effects such as absorption scattering, providing more accurate representation Earth’s surface. validation using ground truth measurement is...

Calibrating optical sensors has become a priority to maintain data quality and ensure consistency among from different agencies. Achieving monitoring radiometric calibration often involves the identification of temporally stable targets on Earth’s surface. Although some locations across North Africa have traditionally been used as primary for purposes, it is crucial explore alternative options account potential changes in these sites over time. This study conducted global assessment...

Cross-calibration is one of the various methods applied for Earth Observation Satellites sensor calibration. In cross-calibration procedure, calibrated against another sensor, in which radiometric calibration better known, via near-simultaneous imaging a common ground target. One most important steps during Spectral Band Adjustment Factor (SBAF) assessment. The SBAF used to compensate differences spectral responses sensors, avoiding large uncertainties results. investigation described this...

In this study an initial validation of the Landsat 8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) Surface Reflectance (SR) product was performed. The OLI SR is derived from L8 Top-of-Atmosphere via Code (LaSRC) software and generated by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Science (EROS) Center. goal to develop evaluate proper methodology for L2 product. Validation performed using near-simultaneous ground truth measurements during overpasses at 13 sites located in U.S., Brazil,...