A novel higher order large-domain hybrid computational electromagnetic technique based on the finite element method (FEM) and of moments (MoM) is proposed for three-dimensional analysis antennas scatterers in frequency domain. The geometry structure modeled using generalized curved parametric hexahedral quadrilateral elements arbitrary geometrical orders. fields currents are curl- divergence-conforming hierarchical polynomial vector basis functions approximation orders, Galerkin used...

This study investigated the changes in optical properties of three types microplastics-polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS)-when exposed to different treatments: ozone, UV radiation, plasma. Laboratory experiments were conducted examine how each treatment affected degradation these polymers. The resulting structural characteristics analyzed using FTIR Raman spectroscopy. These techniques provided valuable insights into behavior persistence microplastics under various...

An efficient and accurate large-domain higher order two-dimensional (2-D) Galerkin-type technique based on the finite-element method (FEM) is proposed for analysis of arbitrary electromagnetic waveguides. The geometry a waveguide cross section approximated by mesh large Lagrangian generalized curvilinear quadrilateral patches geometrical orders (large domains). fields over elements are set hierarchical 2-D polynomial curl-conforming vector basis functions arbitrarily high field-approximation...

Purpose Static magnetic fields (SMF) have been widely used in research, medicine and industry. Since zinc copper play an important role biological systems, we studied the effects of subchronic continuous SMF exposure on their distribution murine tissues.Materials methods For 30 days, mice were exposed to inhomogeneous, vertical, downward or upward oriented 1 mT averaged intensity with spatial gradient vertical direction.Results decreased amount liver. In brain, levels increased decreased....

With the expanding usage of various devices, which emit static and extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, increases number biomedical reports on their influence as well demand for suitable experimental exposure systems. Experimental setups range from permanent magnets through Helmholtz coils to solenoids; however, almost all them provide relatively weak fields up 10 mT. Widespread use devices such MR scanners imposes intentional unintentional stronger fields. A typical solenoid produces...

Occasionally, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) share similar nuclear features. The current study aims to quantify the differences between investigated specimens of HT-associated PTC versus HT alone, reduce subjective experience an observer, by use fractal parameters as well gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural parameters. We have analyzed 250 segmented nuclei per group (nn = 25 patient np 10 patients group) using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda,...

A novel higher order entire-domain finite element technique is presented for accurate and efficient full-wave three-dimensional (3D) analysis of electromagnetic structures with continuously inhomogeneous material regions, using large generalized curved hierarchical curl-conforming hexahedral vector elements that allow continuous change medium parameters throughout their volumes. This the first general 3D implementation numerical demonstration inherent theoretical ability method (FEM) to...

A highly efficient and accurate higher order large-domain finite-element technique is presented for three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of N-port waveguide structures with arbitrary metallic dielectric discontinuities on standard PCs. The implements hierarchical polynomial vector basis functions arbitrarily high field-approximation orders Lagrange-type curved hexahedral finite elements geometrical orders. Preprocessing carried out by a semiautomatic meshing procedure developed discontinuity...

Abstract Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing is a recently considered solution for enhancing wireless and free-space optical communications channel capacity, whether implemented separately or in combination with existing techniques. The theoretically infinite number of paraxially propagating mutually orthogonal OAM modes expected to increase the capacity. However, orthogonality different has been shown decrease far link range distances, paraxiality beams not very good small radiating...

The series of spinels was prepared by ceramic technology. crystal structures were refined from the x-ray diffraction data using Rietveld profile method. high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measured Faraday method in temperature range 290 - 600 K and fitted to Curie Weiss law. cation distribution these diluted magnetics is obtained measurements. It found that, for , ions occupy exclusively octahedral position spinel type structure. In low-concentration region a strong clustering...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The fine shaping of a cyclotron magnet is usually conducted through an iterative procedure by matching the obtained and required pre-calculated magnetic field. quality field then evaluated closeness resulting ion gyration frequency to its value. method we propose based directly on adjustment; therefore, criterion empirical weight factors often needed for corresponding shape estimate are avoided....

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses two different phenotypes—Crohn’s (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)—consists of chronic, relapsing disorders the gastrointestinal tract. In 20–30% cases, begins in pediatric age. There have been just a few studies that used fractals for IBD investigation, but none them analyzed intestinal cell chromatin. The main aim this study was to assess whether it is possible differentiate between phenotypes patients, or either versus control, using...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Accurate magnetic fields are needed for defining the operation of a multipurpose cyclotron as well designing other parts machine, an input parameter. The quality isochronous field is evaluated by closeness obtained ion gyration frequency to its required value. commonly used method calculation sector focused cyclotrons was Gordon's procedure. incorporation criterion in has grown with increase...

Two-dimensional magnetic arrays are used to generate a field that pervades layer of volume above the array's surface, often creating regions high flux density gradients. We have recently employed an array with equally oriented moments individual elements in several biomedical experiments. chosen this type because slowly decreasing it produces, which extends far from surface and permeates experimental volume. In order fully define conditions related applied field, we derive exact closed-form...

Utilization of graphene covered waveguide inserts to form tunable resonators is theoretically explained and rigorously investigated by means full-wave numerical electromagnetic simulations.Instead using based switching elements, the concept we propose incorporates sheets as parts a resonator.Electrostatic tuning surface conductivity leads changes in field boundary conditions at resonator edges surfaces, thus producing an effect similar varying electrical length resonator.Presented outline...

A higher-order one-dimensional (1-D) finite element method for analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering off a moving dielectric slab is proposed and developed. The numerical results are verified by comparison to analytical solutions.

Summary Utilization of planar printed uniform circular antenna arrays (UCA) to generate the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying waves in millimeter‐wave (mmWave) frequency band is advantageous from viewpoints easy signal modulation and mode reconfiguration, low cost, profile, straightforward integration with existing broadband wireless infrastructure. The OAM mmWave UCA are highly promising as enablers very high transmission data rates required by hybrid 5G/6G optical communication...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> During the design of a cyclotron time and attention dedicated to injection extraction beam usually overcome those devoted acceleration. However, efficiency accelerating process largely contributes overall machine because spends most in region. A thorough systematic study influence parameters on quality acceleration is performed. The conditions for optimal are determined method defining complete...