Abstract Villamayor Stone (VS) is an arkosic stone and known by several names: (i) VS because the quarries are located in de Armuña village (Salamanca, Spain); (ii) Golden due to its patina, which gives a ochreous/golden colour; (iii) Franca locally historical documents. has varieties ranging from channel floodplain facies. In this work, we have selected three varieties. was quarried used construction of Romanesque monuments such as Old Cathedral, Gothic including New Cathedral University...

Abstract Colour is one of the parameters currently used to monitor quality a conservation treatment ornamental stones, and its further ageing, whether artificially or by decay in monuments. We report here study colour changes on three samples granite, widely most buildings belonging our Cultural Heritage city Avila (Spain), once aged simulation chamber under controlled conditions (25 freezing/thawing cycles) after treated with consolidant hydrofugant (RC80), only (H224) (RC70), without...

The Canonical Biplot method is used to determine the magnitude of effects on Δ chromatic coordinates (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) and parameter ΔE*, where are difference in values sample after each aging cycle value untreated ΔE* = [(ΔL*) 2 + (Δa*) (Δb*) ] 1/2 . We performed a study changes color produced by two types artificial procedures four varieties siliceous conglomerates from Zamora (Spain) that have traditionally been construction later renovations historical buildings zone. To accomplish this,...

Silicified granites were used to build the Romanesque monuments in city of Ávila, Spain. The building stones comprise two types granite based on their technical properties and colour: Bleeding Stone (Piedra Sangrante) Ochre Granite (Caleño). They as a facing stone city´s 12th century (e.g. cathedral church San Pedro), famous walls that constitute best example military Spanish architecture. During Gothic Renaissance periods 13th 15th centuries, silicified mainly ribbed vaults, voissoirs...

Las Rañas son depósitos de abanicos aluviales del Plio-Pleistoceno que forman plataformas piedemonte alrededor las montanas interior la Peninsula Iberica. Estan formadas bloques, cantos y gravas cuarcita dominantes algún cuarzo engastados en una matriz arcillosa muestra importantes contrastes color causados por hidromorfismo. Bajo estas plataformas, el zocalo hercinico se encuentra profundamente alterado. En un perfil Rana distinguen dos tipos horizontes: i) superior, pocos decimetros...

Abstract. This paper deals with the assessing of pathologies in façades using a variety intensity data provided by different terrestrial laser scanner. In particular, complex building built Villamayor Stone that is to be candidate as Global Heritage Resource has been chosen study case. The were quarrying for construction and ornamentation monuments Salamanca, declared World City UNESCO 1988. objective this assess compare results obtained through techniques classical mapped (i.e. visual...

The chemical composition of the different types granite employed in Cathedral and buildings historic artistic interest Avila (Spain) is studied. differences among various fades studied (grey, ochre bloodstone granites) are explained terms their mineralogical composition, a result profound paleoweathering that occurred Iberian Hercynian Basement. between quarry stone samples taken from parts due to weathering processes on buildings. Among these, precipitation salts humid zones effect alkaline...

After subjecting Zamora building stones to accelerated ageing tests, colour changes were studied, namely: (a) freezing/thawing and thermal shock (gelifraction thermoclasty), (b) combination of plus salt crystallisation (sulphates or phosphates) (gelifraction, thermoclasty haloclasty). are silicified conglomerates (silcretes) from the Cretaceous that show marked due remobilisation iron oxyhydroxides. In this work, four varieties were: white stone; ochreous red purple stone Their...

Abstract The steam distilled oil obtained from the berries of Juniperus macrocarpa gathered in fossil sand dunes Huelva, southwest Spain, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS combination with retention indices. contained α-pinene (59.8–70.5%) myrcene (14.8–15.2%) as major constituents moderate amounts γ-muurolene (2.5–5.5%). In addition to these components, minor β-pinene (2.5–3.4%), limonene (1.1–1.3%), terpinolene (0.9–1.4%), β-caryophyllene (0.4–0.7%), γ-cadinene (0.1–1.1%), δ-cadinene (0.4–1.0%)...

This present work tries to reproduce, through test of controlled conditions in accelerate aging, reproducing the most frequent ambients places affected by a clime continental tendency, more common forms deterioration historical interesting buildings, constructed with granitic rocks those places. We analyze changes nature and properties (intensity rapidity), produced different experiences. In this study, realized on "sensu lato" granites, we come conclusion that due cold/hot frost/defrosting...

The microporosity of granite stones has been studied in both the untreated condition as well after being treated with a consolidation treatment using two commercial products. A decrease specific surface area and pore size distribution (especially micropores) found samples an organic silicate consolidant. Treatment consolidant containing polysiloxane (a water repellent agent) leads to variable results, depending on precise structure stone. use treatments may restrict flow fluids (e.g., water,...

The suitability of granite conservation treatments (consolidation and/or water-repellency) wide/y used to protect heritage structures was evaluated on the basis changes occurring in intrinsic characteristics stone (imbibition capacity open porosity total water-accessible water vapour permeability and capillar absorption coefficient). A statistical analysis conducted values obtained for these properties/ which showed differences fluid flow through rocks/ found that application consolidants...