Fault-tolerant distributed systems based on field-buses may take advantage from reliable and atomic broadcast. There is a current belief that CAN native mechanisms provide In this paper, we dismiss misconception, explaining how network errors lead to: inconsistent message delivery; generation of duplicates. These occur when faults hit the last two bits end frame delimiter. Although rare, its influence cannot be ignored, for highly fault-tolerant systems. Finally, give protocol suite handles...

In this work, a granular expanded vermiculite (GEV) is employed as sorbent to remove Platinum group metals (PGMs) such Pt (IV), Rh (III), Ru (III) and Ir (III). Batch adsorption experiments included factors metal concentration, pH, GEV dosage contact time; whereas in continuous system, the bed height desorption process were also investigated. Pseudo-second order was rate equation that accurately described kinetic isotherms adequately simulated by Langmuir Freundlich model. Maximum sorption...

In a quasi-synchronous environment worst-case times associated with given activity are usually much higher than the average time needed for that activity. Using always those can make system useless. However not using them may lend to timing failures. On other hand, fully synchronous behavior is restricted small parts of global system. previously defined architecture we use this part control and validate paper present light-weight group protocol together makes it possible efficiently handle...

The ARINC 653 specification, defined for aeronautical applications, has the goal of providing a standard interface between given real-time operating system (RTOS) and corresponding applications. It also provides robust partitioning, with final guaranteeing safety timeliness in mission-critical systems. interest extended to aerospace industry, which resulted definition an architecture, compliant allowing heterogeneity. In this paper, we introduce problem integrating generic systems onto...

Real-time systems usually consist of a set periodic and sporadic tasks. Periodic tasks can be divided into two classes: synchronous asynchronous. The first type does not define the task release, contrary to second. Hence, are assumed released at worst instant: critical instant. schedulability test is reduced check single execution under analysis. integration also straightforward: they treated as with maximum arrival frequency. On other hand, asynchronous require for each release in hyper...

In this paper, we address the problem of having real-time group communication in a system. That is not completely synchronous (quasi-synchronous). This situation may happen when system load controlled and so, overload scenarios are ruled out. such scenarios, for most networks used type environment, temporal guarantees can only be made highest priority messages. The paper describes protocol that provides total order an environment. It adapts to uncertainty environment by means failure...

Standard fieldbuses, such as the controller area network (CAN), are today a cost-effective solution for distributed computer control systems. However, standard CAN protocol exhibits set of severe shortcomings in respect to provision strict dependability and timeliness guarantees. This paper identifies those discusses main design challenges we have been tackling comprehensive way provide CAN-based infrastructure support extremely reliable hard real-time communications, dubbed enhanced layer (CANELy)

The Controller Area Network (CAN) fieldbus is a popular technology for distributed embedded system networking. Its usage spans several domains, ranging from home automation to factory control. There are, however, restrictions its application in specific domain: highly dependable applications. A crucial step towards CAN-based systems was taken by the CAN Enhanced Layer (CANELy) architecture. This architecture provided analytic models of operation. Based on these models, it defines both...

This paper presents VITRAL, a multicolor text mode window manager designed for embedded real-time systems. Therefore, timeliness requirements and resource constraints are the main concern. Even though complex graphical environments not supported, application can use VITRAL to build powerful, dependable environment that reports system state still provide friendly interface user.

In the new emerging communications infrastructures there is desire and demand to build applications with every increasing requirements in what concerns real-time dependability. However, dynamic characteristics of those environments make it difficult even if possible always offer desired quality service (QoS). It thus important have some support handle QoS such scenarios. this paper, based on quasi-synchronous approach, we propose a set group communication protocols different properties...

The area of embedded systems and their interconnection is utmost importance nowadays. technological evolution, widespread use, small electronic devices with processing communication capabilities, creates the potential for development new applications in several different domains. Areas such as industrial control, automotive, home automation, surveillance systems, sensor networks applied to monitoring wild life, environment, or buildings, are examples ubiquity. this can not be ignored an...

The CAN Enhanced Layer (CANELy) is a CAN-based infrastructure capable of extremely reliable communication. This paper describes the mechanisms and techniques used in CANELy to enforce system correctness time-domain despite occurrence network errors (inaccessibility). discusses how integrate existing machinery, control inaccessibility management timers, at several levels system. In particular, application low-level protocol layers are addressed. addition, relevant set parameters available for...

In this paper, we experimentally study the effects of using low cost optical amplifiers and lasers in multi-format multi-wavelength radio over fiber signals. We analyze propagation UMTS, WLAN WIMAX signals a single channel scenario impact amplifying referred together with amplitude modulated ones WDM.

Small scale embedded systems and their interconnection constitutes an hot topic in nowadays. With the technological evolution achieved recent years, there is possibility of having a diversity pervasive applications with every increasing requirements. But, order to fulfill this potential, many research work still needed. In paper we give overview main characteristics limitations these highlight some areas related that need be addressed satisfy We briefly present solutions ongoing are doing...

Last years have seen a widespread use of small electronic devices with processing and communications capabilities. Based on these pervasive new classes applications are developed in several different domains. Application complexity is also growing they present ever increasing requirements what concerns dependability real-time characteristics. Despite the technological evolution terms power chip integration, many still show limitations regarding available resources. The need to obtain that...

The dynamic characteristics of the new communication infrastructures widespread in last few years make it difficult to build applications with every increasing requirements what concerns dependability and timeliness. Not being always possible, at a given moment, provide desired quality-of-service (QoS), is necessary convenient be able choose between several different QoS as way achieve better adaptation evolution surrounding environment. existence "working envelopes" makes possible coverage...

AbstractMost distributed communication infrastructures are not fully synchronous. They at most quasi-synchronous: only a small part of the system can be considered as synchronous; rest presents more dynamic behaviour where duration given activity (processing or communication) is usually relatively small, but there non-null probability taking much higher value occasionally. In these scenarios, it very difficult (or even impossible) to always offer desired timeliness properties. However, some...