Abstract The first demonstration of converse piezoelectricity in 3D fluids is presented by measuring a linear electromechanical effect ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals. observed piezoelectric coupling constant below 6 kHz electric field larger than 1 nC/N, comparable to, or better than, values for the strongest solid materials. Symmetry considerations indicate that alignment crystal experimental study not optimized, so signal likely only fraction theoretically achievable signal....

A thermal gradient-induced circular motion of particles placed on ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal sessile drops is demonstrated and explained. Unlike hurricanes tornadoes that are the prime examples for motors where turbulent flows apparent, here texture without tracer appears completely steady indicating laminar flow. We provide a simple model showing tangential arrangement polarization combined with vertical gradient pyroelectricity fluid drives rotation become electrically charged in...

Studies of sessile droplets and fluid bridges a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal in externally applied electric fields are presented. It is found that above threshold, the interface with air undergoes fingering instability or ramification, resembling to Rayleigh-type observed charged circular drop-type instabilities ferromagnetic liquids magnetic field. The frequency dependence threshold voltage was determined various geometries. director polarization direction point along tip fingers...

The recently discovered ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal material DIO exhibits an antiferroelectric (AF) phase, characterized by a sinusoidally modulated structure between the paraelectric (P) and (F) phases. Although these sinusoidal structures associated with P-AF-F phase sequence is commonly observed in solid ferroelectrics, their presence soft matter systems scarce. This study aimed at examining macroscopic properties of DIO, identifying unique rheological properties, such as...

Using a combination of dynamic light scattering and Freedericksz transitions induced in applied magnetic electric fields, we have determined the absolute magnitudes Frank elastic constants effective orientational viscosities bent-core nematic liquid crystal, 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene bis 4-[4'-(9-decenyloxy)benzoyloxy] benzoate. At fixed temperature $2 {}^{ˆ}$C below isotropic-nematic transition, find ${K}_{11}=3.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ N,...

Electric field-induced patterns in liquid crystals have been observed and studied for about 50 years. During this time, a great variety of structures, detected under different conditions, described; theoretical descriptions were also developed parallel with the experiments huge number papers published. The non-vanishing interest topic is due to several factors. First, most experimentalists working new (or even well-known) apply sooner or later an electric field purposes and, as response,...

Abstract Mechanically responsive organic materials can change their viscoelastic properties in response to external stimuli. However, that exhibit highly contrasting coupled with fast and reversible switching between the states involved have remained elusive. Here, it is shown a nonsymmetric photoresponsive liquid crystal dimer exhibits photoswitching of its (shear viscosity, storage, loss moduli) remarkable contrast up 10 6 while transitioning nematic phases. This takes less than 100 s for...

Freestanding slender fluid filaments of room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are described. They stabilized either by internal electric fields bound charges formed due to polarization splay or external voltage applied between suspending wires. The phenomenon is similar those observed in dielectric fluids, such as deionized water, except that materials the voltages required three orders magnitudes smaller and aspect ratio much higher. threads not only unique novel but also...

Ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are fluids exhibiting spontaneous electric polarization, which is coupled to their long range orientational order. Due inherent property of making bound and surface charges, the free ferroelectric nematics becomes unstable in fields. Here we show that bridges between two electrode plates undergo distinct interfacial instabilities. In a specific frequency voltage, fluid move as active interacting particles resembling living organisms like swarming...

Dielectric spectroscopy measurements have been performed on a bent-core nematic liquid crystal and its binary mixtures with calamitic nematic. We detected more dispersions in the compound than one, including one at an unusually low frequency of few kilohertz. The identified spectra split into contributions constituents. In order to connect dielectric increment molecular dipole moment we applied sophisticated conformational calculation not before for large, flexible mesogen molecule numerous...

ABSTRACT Surface topographical modifications of a soft magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) in response to variable applied magnetic field are investigated. The analysis is performed situ and based on optical microscopy, spread reflection profilometry measurements. Optical shows that the responsivity field‐induced surface roughness with respect external range 1 µm/T. A significant hysteresis takes place for increasing decreasing fields. Investigations shape sessile water droplets deposited MAE...

Using a photo-responsive dimer exhibiting the transition between nematic (N) and twist-bend (NTB) phases, we prepared spherical cap-shaped droplets on solid substrates exposed to air. The internal director structures of these vary depending phase imposed boundary conditions. structural switching N NTB phases was successfully performed either by temperature control or UV light-irradiation. is characterized an extremely small bend elastic constant K3, surprisingly, found that droplet-air...

<title>Abstract</title> Director rotation and related domain wall motion induced by laser light absorption have been observed in the ferroelectric nematic (N_F) phase of archetypal liquid crystal DIO. The phenomena strongly depend on alignment polarization boundary plates with respect to each other direction light. It is found that electrodes cell plays an essential role phenomena. main characteristics findings can be explained a torque acting polar director due temperature...

Liquid-crystal display technology is ubiquitous, but these materials can also be used to make electrically tunable components for optics and photonics. The authors demonstrate voltage control of the wavelength flexoelectric domains in a transmissive diffraction grating, which enables dynamic light steering. They prove that mechanism pattern onset differs from switching between flexodomain states, they explain surprising finding response increasing much slower than decreasing voltage.

Abstract Background One of the stranger phenomena that can occur during gene translation is where, as a ribosome reads along mRNA, various cellular and molecular properties contribute to stalling on slippery sequence shifting into one other two alternate reading frames. The frame has different codons, so amino acids are added peptide chain. More importantly, original stop codon no longer in-frame, bypass continue translate codons past it. This produces version protein, fusion in-frame acids,...

Abstract Lysogeny is prevalent in the microbial-dense mammalian gut. This contrasts classical view of lysogeny as a refuge used by phages under poor host growth conditions. Here we hypothesize that carrying capacity increases, lysogens escape phage top-down control through superinfection exclusion, overcoming canonical trade-off between competition and resistance. hypothesis was tested developing an ecological model combined lytic lysogenic communities diversification estimated accumulation...

The effect of director pretilt on the twist magnetic Fr\'eedericksz transition nematics was investigated in a planar cell. configuration calculated as function inductance. dielectric and optical response nematic liquid crystal numerically modeled. A measurement method for determining elastic constant ${K}_{22}$ is presented. influence conditions Mauguin discussed. theoretical predictions were confirmed by our experiments. Experimental data all constants bent-core material are presented

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The temporal evolution of patterns within the driving period ac voltage was studied in 10-mHz--250-Hz frequency range. It shown that stationary electroconvection pattern conductive regime transforms into a flashing one at ultralow frequencies, existing only narrow time windows period. Furthermore transition between and flexoelectric domains detected which is repeating each half two are well separated Fourier space. Simultaneous current measurements uncovered electric properties polyimide...

This article summarizes the results obtained by various experimental methods on physical properties of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene bis-4-[4′-(9-decenyloxy) benzoyloxy] benzoate (ClPbis10BB). The material exhibits unusual in all aspects tested. Its bend flexoelectric coefficient is 1000 times larger than calamitics; it viscoelastic with large, shear-rate-dependent viscosity. and twist elastic constants are abnormally low; thus phase can be rendered to blue fog...