In recent years, the traditional rationale for innovation policy has been expanded to more explicitly contribute tackling societal challenges. There is broad agreement that demand should be at core of challenge-oriented policy. Nevertheless, and conditions are poorly understood not yet in focus This article conceptualises demand-oriented policies their links We differentiate need, highlight different forms articulation. Then, we characterise three ideal-typical relate demand: policy,...

Abstract Objective The objective was to identify barriers and facilitators the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in clinical radiology Netherlands. Materials methods Using an embedded multiple case study, exploratory, qualitative research design followed. Data collection consisted 24 semi-structured interviews from seven Dutch hospitals. analysis guided by recently published Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, Sustainability (NASSS) framework for new...

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to intermediaries, actors connecting multiple other actors, in transition processes. Research highlighted that intermediary (e.g. innovation funders, energy agencies, NGOs, membership organisations, or internet discussion forums) operate many levels advance transitions. We argue intermediation, and the need for it, varies during course of transition. Yet, little explicit insight exists on intermediation different phases. integrate existing...

Abstract Transport appraisals in European countries increasingly address three dimensions of sustainability—economic, ecological and social. However, social impacts transport have been underexposed (ex‐ante) project appraisal, at least the Netherlands. Firstly, this article presents a theoretical framework describing relationships between determinants transport; it also provides definition categorization those impacts. Secondly, reviews state practice national appraisal Netherlands United...

Platform innovations like Uber and Airbnb allow peers to transact outside established market institutions. From an institutional perspective, platform companies follow a reverse innovation process compared within traditional regulatory systems: they first launch their online ask for government permission only later. We analyze the emergence of as entrepreneur in The Netherlands strategies it employed failed attempt get its UberPop service legalized through changes Dutch taxi law. conclude...

Carsharing can partially replace private ownership of vehicles with a service that allows the use car temporarily on an on-demand basis. In this study, we analyze supply shared cars across 177 cities in five Western European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, The Netherlands, United Kingdom), while distinguishing between traditional business-to-consumer (B2C) business model and more recent peer-to-peer (P2P) model. data carsharing is individually collected all operators respective cities,...

Innovations accompanying transitions often prompt institutional change if they do not match with existing institutions. Transition studies started to incorporate dynamics into their research, but efforts hitherto remain underdeveloped. In this paper, we systematically review the entrepreneurship literature. Based on a reading of 153 empirical cases, identify trends and biases in literature distil number insights for transition engage with.

Poor translation of efficacy data derived from animal models can lead to clinical trials unlikely benefit patients-or even put them at risk-and is a potential contributor costly and unnecessary attrition in drug development.

This editorial introduces the basic idea and content of special section “the next generation innovation policy: Directionality role demand side instruments”. It highlights purpose section, i.e. to spark a new debate about policy against demands for more directionality intervention need policies actively contribute system transitions confront major societal challenges. summarises main contribution each articles in section.

How do systemic intermediaries obtain legitimate roles for themselves in innovation systems and transition processes? This is still an understudied question the study of intermediaries. We start from observation that roles, or positions, are not given, but emerge interactions as a negotiated set rights obligations. Inspired by positioning theory, which has its roots symbolic interactionism, we analyse how positions invoked actors' various actions statements ('speech acts') they draw mutually...

This article provides a theoretical understanding of the potential contribution digital platforms to co-creation public value. On basis insights from different academic disciplines, layered model is developed for relations between technology, governance, users and societal outcomes. The proposes that these layers can result in basic configurations – consistent combinations four elements but also hybrid configurations. We identify three configurations: (1) closed platform controlled by...

Consumer 3D printing is on the rise and has potential to significantly change transport logistics sector. Current literature studies does not provide a systematic model of impact related (policy relevant) areas, such as traffic safety, location decisions, accessibility environmental effects. Based review two rounds expert consultation, we propose refine conceptual way approach this gap in literature. The consultation yields that comprises relevant important elements for assessing...

This paper focuses on the processes and strategies of advocates opponents in creating, maintaining and/or contesting protective spaces which 'urgently needed' but 'risky' pharmaceutical innovations are managed. Drawing transition literature recent work niche protection, this adds to conceptualisation empirical grounding protection by studying dynamics particular different phases development. Moreover, links between pursued players explored. Dynamics explored two case studies: monitoring...

Clinical trial failures (>99%) in Alzheimer's disease are stark contrast to positive efficacy data animals. We evaluated the correlation between animal and clinical outcomes (cognition) using from registered drugs as well interventions tested phase II or III trials for disease. identified 20 interventions, which were 208 studies 63 different models. outcome was correlated with results 58% of cases. But, individual models showed divergent across models, model determined 16 methods. This...

Transitions are processes of major change and often come with conflict. There has been limited attention for the complex multi-dimensional nature conflict its relation to transformative change. To capture this complexity, we use case ridesharing in Indonesia dynamics that accompany emergence digital innovations mobility services. We notion 'critical moments' be able deepen analysis on particular short timespans during which conflicts particularly visible. For an in-depth understanding these...