Perception is guided by the anticipation of future events. It has been hypothesized that this process may be implemented pattern completion in early visual cortex, which a stimulus sequence recreated after only subset input provided. Here we test hypothesis using ultra-fast functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure BOLD activity at precisely defined receptive field locations cortex (V1) human volunteers. We find familiarizing subjects with spatial sequence, flashing starting point...

Task preparation is a complex cognitive process that implements anticipatory adjustments to facilitate future task performance. Little known about quantitative network parameters governing this in humans. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and connectivity measurements, we show the large-scale topology of brain involved shows pattern dynamic reconfigurations guides optimal behavior. This could be decomposed into two distinct topological structures, an error-resilient core...

Prediction plays a crucial role in perception, as prominently suggested by predictive coding theories. However, the exact form and mechanism of modulations sensory processing remain unclear, with some studies reporting downregulation response for predictable input whereas others observed an enhanced response. In similar vein, has been linked to either sharpening or dampening representation, which are opposite nature. present study, we set out investigate neural consequences perceptual...

General intelligence is a psychological construct that captures in single metric the overall level of behavioural and cognitive performance an individual. While previous research has attempted to localise circumscribed brain regions, more recent work focuses on functional interactions between regions. However, even though networks are characterised by substantial modularity, it unclear whether how brain's modular organisation associated with general intelligence. Modelling subject-specific...

Human agents build models of their environment, which enable them to anticipate and plan upcoming events. However, little is known about the properties such predictive models. Recently, it has been proposed that hippocampal representations take form a map-like structure, so-called successor representation (SR). Here, we used human functional magnetic resonance imaging probe whether activity in early visual cortex (V1) hippocampus adhere postulated SR after sequence learning. Participants...

The ability to form associations between a multitude of events is the hallmark episodic memory. Computational models have espoused importance hippocampus as convergence zone, binding different aspects an episode into coherent representation, by integrating information from multiple brain regions. However, evidence for this long-held hypothesis limited, since previous work has largely focused on representational and network properties in isolation. Here we identify mnemonic using combination...

Visual context facilitates perception, but how this is neurally implemented remains unclear. One example of contextual facilitation found in reading, where letters are more easily identified when embedded a word. Bottom-up models explain word advantage as post-perceptual decision bias, while top-down propose that contexts enhance perception itself. Here, we arbitrate between these accounts by presenting words and nonwords probing the representational fidelity individual using functional...

Current European guidelines recommend prophylactic implantation of cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who are not NYHA class IV and have reasonable life expectancy. Cost benefit implications this recommendation been reported from perspective.Markov modelling estimated lifetime costs effects [life years (LY) quality-adjusted LY (QALY) gained] ICD vs. conventional treatment, among LVEF. Efficacy was meta-analysis mortality...

The ability to temporarily store and manipulate information in working memory is a hallmark of human intelligence differs considerably across individuals, but the structural brain correlates underlying these differences capacity (WMC) are only poorly understood. In two separate studies, diffusion MRI data WMC scores were collected for 70 109 healthy individuals. Using combination probabilistic tractography network analysis white matter tracts, we examined whether properties predictive...

Auditory speech perception can be altered by concurrent visual information. The superior temporal cortex is an important combining site for this integration process. This area was previously found to sensitive audiovisual congruency. However, the direction of congruency effect (i.e., stronger or weaker activity congruent compared incongruent stimulation) has been more equivocal. Here, we used fMRI look at neural responses human participants during McGurk illusion--in which auditory /aba/ and...

Abstract Memory reprocessing following acquisition enhances memory consolidation. Specifically, neural activity during encoding is thought to be ‘replayed’ subsequent slow-wave sleep. Such replay contribute the functional reorganization of traces. In particular, may facilitate exchange information across brain regions by inducing a reconfiguration connectivity brain. reactivation can induced external cues through procedure known as “targeted reactivation”. Here, we analysed data from...

A fundamental assumption in neuroscience is that brain function constrained by its structural properties. This motivates the idea can be parcellated into functionally coherent regions based on anatomical connectivity patterns capture how different areas are interconnected. Several studies have successfully implemented this humans using diffusion weighted MRI, allowing parcellation to conducted vivo. Two distinct approaches connectivity-based identified. The first uses connection profiles of...

What is selected when attention directed to a specific location of the visual field? Theories object-based have suggested that spatial part an object, does not simply enhance attended but automatically spreads all locations comprise object. Here, we tested this hypothesis by reconstructing distribution from primary cortex (V1) population neuronal activity patterns in 24 human adults (17 female) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and population-based receptive field (prf)...

Abstract Language content and action/perception have been shown to activate common brain areas in previous neuroimaging studies. However, it is unclear whether overlapping cortical activation reflects a neural source or adjacent, but distinct, sources. We address this issue by using multivoxel pattern analysis on fMRI data. Specifically, participants were instructed engage five tasks: (1) execute hand actions (AE), (2) observe (AO), (3) nonbiological motion (MO), (4) read action verbs, (5)...

Abstract Visual information can alter auditory perception. This is clearly illustrated by the well-known McGurk illusion, where an auditory/aba/ and a visual /aga/ are merged to percept of ‘ada’. It less clear however whether such change in perception may recalibrate subsequent Here we asked altered due illusion affects perception, i.e. this process fusion cause recalibration boundaries between phonemes. Participants categorized audiovisual speech stimuli as /aba/, /ada/ or while activity...

This study investigated how attending to auditory and visual information systematically changes graph theoretical measures of integration functional connectivity between three network modules: auditory, visual, a joint task core. Functional MRI BOLD activity was recorded while healthy volunteers attended colour and/or pitch presented within an audiovisual stimulus sequence. Network nodes modules were based on peak voxels contrasts, including sensitive brain regions as well the dorsal...

Abstract Goal-directed behavior in a complex world requires the maintenance of goal-relevant information despite multiple sources distraction. However, brain mechanisms underlying distractor-resistant working or short-term memory (STM) are not fully understood. Although early single-unit recordings monkeys and fMRI studies humans pointed to an involvement lateral prefrontal cortices, more recent highlighted importance posterior cortices for active visual also presence Here, we used delayed...

Abstract Prediction plays a crucial role in perception, as prominently suggested by predictive coding theories. However, the exact form and mechanism of modulations sensory processing remain unclear, with some studies reporting downregulation response for predictable input, while others observed an enhanced response. In similar vein, input has been linked to either sharpening or dampening representation, which are opposite nature. present study we set out investigate neural consequences...

Abstract The ability to recognize and predict future spatiotemporal sequences is vital for perception. It has been proposed that the brain makes ‘intelligent guesses’ about inputs by forward replaying these events. However, it unknown whether how this mechanism incorporates probabilistic structure inherent naturalistic environments. Here we tested replay in human V1 hippocampus using a cueing paradigm. Participants were exposed two visual moving dot (A B) shared same starting point. Each...

Abstract Human agents build models of their environment, which enable them to anticipate and plan upcoming events. However, little is known about the properties such predictive models. Recently, it has been proposed that hippocampal representations take form a map-like structure, so-called successor representation. Here we used human fMRI probe whether activity in early visual cortex (V1) hippocampus adhere postulated representation after sequence learning. Participants were exposed an...

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that our visual system does not only process stimuli are directly available to eyes, but also a role in maintaining information VWM over period of seconds. remains unclear however what happens representations the when we make saccades. Here, tested hypothesis remapped within after making We compared content for saccade and no-saccade conditions using MVPA delay-related activity measured with fMRI. found participants did saccade, were robustly present...

Abstract Memory reprocessing following acquisition enhances memory consolidation. Specifically, neural activity during encoding is thought to be ‘replayed’ subsequent slow-wave sleep (SWS). This natural tendency of replay can induced by external cueing, known as “targeted reactivation”. Here, we analyzed data from a published study (van Dongen, Takashima, et al. 2012), where auditory cues reactivated learned visual object-location memories SWS. presumably involves shift in connectivity...