As hardwood cross-laminated timber (CLT) gains attention due to its construction potential, understanding the interaction between panels and adhesives is critical for ensuring structural integrity longevity of buildings. This study investigated adhesive bonding properties in CLT made from red oak (Quercus spp. L.), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera using southern pine (Pinus L.) (SP) as a control. Adhesive performance was evaluated through shear block...

The biotechnological potential of nine decay fungi collected from stored beech logs at a pulp and paper factory yard in Northern Iran was investigated. Beech blocks exposed to the laboratory test were used study changes cell wall chemistry using both wet spectroscopic methods. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, Lentinus sajor-caju caused greater lignin breakdown compared other white-rot fungi, which led 28% reduction refining energy. Trametesversicolor greatest glucan loss, while ostreatus...

Meticulous chemical analysis of decaying xylem and linking it to corresponding anatomical modification at the cellular level can improve our understanding decay process. The aim this study was monitor histological, chemical, photochemical, progression wood degradation by two white-rot fungi different intervals. Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) blocks were exposed Pleurotus ostreatus Trametes versicolor investigate capabilities these fungi. Light microscopy used patterns in wood. Decayed...

Abstract Borate solution was used to treat two sets of Douglas-fir wood samples, one by spraying cross-laminated timbers (CLT) and another set dip-treating in solutions at different retentions. A novel model developed explain predict borate uptake based on dip-treatment parameters. Small-scale CLT samples were prepared using commercial emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) polyurethane (PU) adhesive with dip-treated wood. The effect retention evaluated through adhesion, fire, termite, decay...

Abstract Eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), are widely distributed across North America where they exposed to a broad range of environmental conditions. However, mechanisms for overwintering not well understood. Wisconsin is unique location study cold tolerance as it represents the northern boundary persistent R. populations. In this study, we evaluated seasonal shifts in using critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and supercooling point (SCP) examined how these...

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is increasingly used in building construction worldwide. Durability of CLT against fungal attack has yet to be fully explored. Water intrusion mass can yield dimensional changes and microbial growth. This study evaluated the performance coated with various water- solvent-based stains commercially available United States. Twelve coatings were tested for moisture excluding effectiveness, water repellency volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency. Only five...

This study evaluated biological resistance, water absorption, and total carbohydrate contents of carbonized woods by contact charring method followed linseed oil submersion. Charred control specimens were exposed in laboratory fungal resistance tests to two white – brown-rot fungi mold spraying the surface with a spore-suspension comprised three different species. also for eastern subterranean termites. To help understand durability results, content absorption test determined. In all cases,...

This study was focused on measuring the properties of twenty-three commercially available coatings formulated for exterior wood applications. The were characterized by their surface tension, solid content, viscosity, pH, and glass transition temperatures (Tg). Additionally, wetting coating droplets substrates measured. contact angle solvent-based water-based untreated southern yellow pine samples using high-resolution image analysis Young–Laplace solution. An innovative processing technique...

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) market demand is on the rise in United States. Adequate protective measures have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to investigate weathering performance exterior wood coatings. We evaluated coated CLT sample surfaces based visual appearance, color change (CIE*L*a*b), gloss changes, and water intrusion. From five coatings evaluated, only two showed adequate after twelve months field exposure. Based ratings following ASTM procedures,...

シオジ，サワグルミ，カツラが林冠を構成する奥秩父大山沢渓畔林の埋土種子の種構成を発芽試験法により調べた。本渓畔林の表層土壌（深さ5 cm）からは，現存植生にあるヤマアジサイ，フサザクラやミズメなどの他に，現存植生にはないフジウツギの実生が多く発芽した。本渓畔林の埋土種子組成の特徴として，優占種のシオジがほとんど含まれなかったこと，エビガライチゴやサルナシのような動物被食散布種子が少ないこと，現存植生との共通種が多いことがあげられた。渓畔林では出水を伴う撹乱によって，古い埋土種子集団が流亡するため，動物被食散布種子が蓄積されにくく，その代わりに現存植生に由来する風散布種子や重力散布種子が多いものと考えられる。

The goal of this study was to demonstrate how synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) can be used better understand the mechanisms copper tolerance in wood decay fungi. Copper is a major component commercial preservatives as it toxic many However, certain fungi are tolerant and attack preservative-treated wood, resulting structural damage treated members. Here we large-field XFM visualize six different elements (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) mycelia inoculated with four species brown...

The present study investigated the effects of exposure bamboo–plastic composites to three aggressive fungi species on mass loss values. Polyvinyl chloride was used as synthetic matrix composite. Three mixing combinations were for bamboo–polymer composites, namely 40/60, 50/50, and 60/40. injection-molded process employed produce composites. Specimens prepared according modified European standard specifications (EN-113) be exposed white-, brown-, soft-rot each month 4 months. results...

Abstract Wood‐decay fungi are important in forest ecosystems and play an role nutrient carbon recycling. The scope of this research was to identify wood‐inhabiting wood‐decay macrofungi determine their ecology. We sampled standing trees dead wood oak hornbeam the northern forests Iran, specifically Mazandaran Golestan provinces. assessed influence field slope, elevation, site direction height fungal sporocarp position on tree. species belonged 11 families: Polyporaceae; Stereaceae;...