The "in-stream exposure model" iSTREEM®, a Web-based model made freely available to the public by American Cleaning Institute, provides means estimate concentrations of "down-the-drain" chemicals in effluent, receiving waters, and drinking water intakes across national regional scales under mean annual low-flow conditions. We provide an overview evolution utility iSTREEM as screening-level risk assessment tool relevant for down-the-drain products. spatial nature model, integrating point...

Ecological risk assessment increasingly focuses on risks from chemical mixtures and multiple stressors because ecosystems are commonly exposed to a plethora of contaminants nonchemical stressors. To simplify the task assessing potential mixture effects, we explored 3 land use-related emission scenarios. We applied tiered methodology judge implications emissions chemicals agricultural practices, domestic discharges, urban runoff in quantitative model. The results showed use-dependent...

Abstract —The present study aimed to relate aquatic macroinvertebrate community composition agricultural intensity and landscape structure. A total of 360 streams were investigated within the Aller river basin in northern Germany. The area is typical central German arable regions, but small low dilution potential. These characterized for abiotic parameters (including modeled potential diffuse inputs from sources) communities, with data collected over a 17‐year period. Spray drift did not...

Eco-epidemiological studies utilizing existing monitoring program data provide a cost-effective means to bridge the gap between ecological status and chemical of watersheds develop hypotheses stressor attribution that can influence design higher-tier assessments subsequent management. The present study describes process combining models robust starting point for eco-epidemiological analyses over large geographic scales. Data resources from multiple federal local agencies representing range...

Environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures is challenging because the multitude possible combinations that may occur. Aquatic from in an agricultural landscape was evaluated prospectively 2 exposure scenario case studies: at field scale for a program 13 plant-protection products applied annually 20 yr and watershed mixed land-use over 30 with 12 veterinary pharmaceuticals used beef cattle. Risk quotients were calculated regulatory models typical real-world use patterns acceptable...

We studied extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting trap-response heterogeneity in house mice (Mus musculus) eight 0.1-ha outdoor enclosures. Changes density did not significantly affect proportions of captured. Overall, greater males than females were Adults captured more often subadults, subadults juveniles. Extrinsic including relative humidity, temperature, decreased vegetative cover affected for various age sex classes. Two measures individual used: percentage times an could have been...

Abstract Estimates of potential aquatic exposure concentrations arising from the use pyrethroid insecticides on cotton produced using conventional procedures outlined by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office Pesticide Programs Fate and Effects Division seem unrealistically high. Accordingly, assumptions inherent in pesticide assessment modeling scenarios were examined remote sensing a significant Mississippi, USA, cotton-producing county. Image processing techniques geographic...

Environmental risk assessment of chemicals is reliant on good estimates product usage information and robust exposure models. Over the past 20 to 30 years, much progress has been made with development models that simulate transport distribution in environment. However, little our ability estimate chemical emissions home personal care (HPC) products. In this project, we have developed an approach subnational emission inventory ingredients used HPC products for 12 Asian countries including...

National-level risk mapping was undertaken to identify specific situations within England with the greatest potential for impacts on aquatic biodiversity from normal agricultural use of pesticides. Calculations exposure via spray drift and drainflow were differentiated by landscape type, region, crop then compared toxicity indicator organisms Daphnia magna algae. The approach incorporated regional-level information regarding pesticide usage derived farm visits. Risk calculated individual...

Persistent global urbanization has a direct relationship to measurable artificial light at night (ALAN), and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program served an important role in monitoring this over time. Recent studies have observed significant declines insect abundance populations, ALAN been recognized as contributing factor. We investigated changes nightlight intensity various spatial scales surrounding traps located Orbroicher Bruch Nature Reserve, Germany. Using time series of...

Abstract Down‐the‐drain exposure models provide a valuable tool for estimating environmental to substances which are treated and discharged by municipal wastewater‐treatment plants (WWTPs). Microplastics may enter WWTPs from consumer activities disposal. An framework was developed using the iSTREEM® model, estimates spatially explicit concentrations of in riverine systems across United States portions Ontario, Canada. One hundred simulations covering range WWTP removal instream loss rates...

In cultivated landscapes, grasslands are an important land use type for insect life. Grassland management practices can have a significant impact on ecology. For example, intense fertilization and frequent cutting reduce the diversity abundance of insects by destroying their habitat food sources. Thus, quality grassland development depends its intensity. The intensification production is discussed as one factor contributing to decline in biomass over recent decades. Characterizing changes...

Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryVolume 37, Issue 3 p. 671-673 Pellston Mixtures Simplifying environmental mixtures—An aquatic exposure-based approach via land use scenarios Leo Posthuma, Corresponding Author Posthuma Leo.Posthuma@rivm.nl National Institute for Public Health the Environment (RIVM), Centre Sustainability, Health, Bilthoven, The Netherlands Radboud University, Department of Science, Wetland Water Research, Faculty Nijmegen, Address correspondence to...

Weight of evidence (WoE) is a useful approach to quantifying the relative relevance, strength, reliability, and uncertainty associated with estimates exposure concentrations. WoE often used in assessments but rarely explored or discussed detail. In this article, utility aquatic illustrated via two case studies using tiered chemical triclosan. Each study evaluates same pathway environment substantially different data uncertainty. The collection qualitative evaluation relevant lines (LoE)...

Abstract Natural and seminatural habitats of soil living organisms in cultivated landscapes can be subject to unintended exposure by active substances plant protection products (PPPs) used adjacent fields. Spray‐drift deposition runoff are considered major routes into such off‐field areas. In this work, we develop a model (xOffFieldSoil) associated scenarios estimate habitats. The modular approach consists components, each addressing specific aspect processes, for example, PPP use, drift...

Decision-making for pesticide registration by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) relies upon crop-specific scenarios in a tiered framework. These standard modeling are stated to represent "…sites expected produce runoff greater than would be at 90% of sites given crop/use." This study developed novel approach compare + erosion (SumRE ) mass flux potential hydrophobic chemical using 36 these ecological regulatory with national-scale distributions modeled SumRE from over 750 000...