We used DNA-based pyrosequencing to characterize the bacterial community structure of sandy soil an apple orchard with different manure ratios. Five percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were examined. More than 10,000 valid reads obtained for each replicate. The communities composed five dominant groups (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria Bacteroidetes), which Proteobacteria content gradually decreased from 41.38% 37.29% as ratio increased 0% 25%, respectively....

The characteristics of the volatiles from 43 'Fuji' apples representing 14 different apple production regions in China were investigated using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). results obtained this experiment showed that sixty-four volatile compounds identified collected counties China. major as 2-methyl butyl acetate and hexyl acetate. composition their contents varied regions. All samples could be classified into...

Abstract The data described in this paper were collected from the Circum-Bohai Bay and Loess Plateau regions of northern China. Soil, leaf fruit nutrients 225 typical pear orchards these measured. Soil included pH, organic matter, total N, alkaline hydrolysable available P K concentrations 3 different soil layers, 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm 40–60 orchards. Leaf P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn B trees These can be used to assess nutrient supply status two major producing areas, Plateau. Additionally, dataset...

Owing to iron chlorosis, pear trees are some of the most severely impacted by deficiency, and they suffer significant losses every year. While it is possible determine content leaves using laboratory-standard analytical techniques, sampling analysis process time-consuming labor-intensive, does not quickly accurately identify physiological state iron-deficient leaves. Therefore, crucial find a precise quick visualization approach for metabolites linked leaf comprehend mechanism deficiency...

Determination of Occidental pear (Pyrus communis) ripening is difficult because the appearance pears does not change significantly during process. at different stages release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be used to determine fruit ripeness non-destructively and rapidly. In this study, VOCs were detected using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Notably, data acquired within 1 min. harvested five separate times divided into three stages: unripe, ripe,...

Unlike traditional ridging, mulching broad ridges with a woven polypropylene fabric (WPF) can reduce soil evaporation during the drought season and avoid long saturation time in root zone of pear trees rainy season. In this study, field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2020 orchard North China Plain investigate effects (0.3 m height 2 width) WPF on temperature moisture, nitrogen leaching, vegetative reproductive growth young (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.'Yuluxiang'). The involved two...

Abstract Background Dwarf rootstocks have important practical significance for high-density planting in pear orchards. The shoots of ‘Cuiguan’ grafted onto the dwarf rootstock were shorter than those vigorous rootstock. However, mechanism shoot formation is not clear. Results In this study, current-year transcriptomes and phytohormone contents ‘CG‒QA’ (‘Cuiguan’ was ‘Quince A’, ‘Hardy’ used as interstock) ‘CG‒DL’ ‘Duli’, compared. transcriptome results showed that a total 452 differentially...

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact heat stress on physiological features, together with endogenous hormones and transcription level related genes, estimate resistance ability injury mechanism different dwarfing apple rootstocks. Among six rootstocks, rootstocks native Shao series (SH series) showed better than those Budagovski 9 (B9), Cornell-Geneva 24 (CG24), Malling 26 (M26) from abroad. SH SH1 SH6 higher SH40. M26 demonstrated lowest adaption stress, showing leaf...

In North China, the high-quality pear cultivar “Huangguan” (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv), which is grafted onto dwarf quince A (Cydonia oblonga Mill. cv) rootstock and grown in calcareous soil, experiences severe iron (Fe) deficiency; this deficiency greatly constrains tree growth as well fruit yield quality. Therefore, we evaluated effects of six practices for alleviating chlorosis caused by Fe (HG-QA). The included ridging with landscape fabric mulching a control, flattening (FM),...

Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) has been proved to be an optimal water-saving technology, however, few studies were done on water transportation and distribution under PRI. The present study was performed investigate the among wet dry root-zones shoot using deuterium (D2O) in 1/4 PRI experiment. It also aimed determine analyze D2O relative abundance within different types of roots shoots. results indicated that could transported from shoots 2 h after irrigation. Water wet-zone carried out...

Abstract Background and aims Plastic mulching (PM) can improve soil aggregate stability microbial activity, thereby preventing degradation in crop fields, which are different from the conditions orchard. However, little is known about response of surface-soil structural to PM applied orchards. Methods An experiment was conducted 2017 2020 a pear Two treatments consisted no plastic (black woven polypropylene fabric) lying under tree canopy. Results showed that biomass carbon content (MBC),...

Quince A (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), a typical dwarfing rootstock in pear cultivation, is susceptible to iron (Fe) deficiency calcareous soils. The aim of this study was compare the strategies Fe uptake and utilization quince (low efficiency) versus vigorous Pyrus betulifolia (PB) with high efficiency.Quince PB were grown nutrient solution (pH 6.3) for 4 weeks followed by three pH treatments: pH6.3, pH8.3a (adjusted hydroxide) pH8.3b bicarbonate). indicators rootstocks assessed at onset...

To understand the soil nutrient status of pear orchards in Beijing, we investigated their fertilization situation, including fertilizer type, amount, and period. Furthermore, samples were collected at a depth 0 to 40 cm determine contents nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. The profits losses was analyzed. results showed that 50% received organic as single source, 35.7% combined application chemical fertilizer. Most autumn, but occurred mainly before germination during fruit expansion. average...

The remobilization of storage nitrogen (N) is affected by growth characteristics young pear trees. Aboveground parts trees grafted on P. betulifolia grew more vigorously than that dwarfing rootstocks. Therefore, the N within vigorous rootstocks may be different from A 15N tracing experiment, including six groups one-year-old in 2016, was conducted to investigate mobilization 2016 2018. Results indicated about 44%, 31.4% and 24.6% remobilized new derived trunk, shoots roots, respectively....