Active matter systems are driven out of thermal equilibrium by a lack generalized Stokes-Einstein relation between injection and dissipation energy at the microscopic scale. We consider such system interacting particles, propelled persistent noises, show that, small but finite persistence time, their dynamics still satisfy time-reversal symmetry. To do so, we compute perturbatively steady-state measure for short times, entropy production rate vanishes. This endows with an effective...

Active matter systems, composed of individual agents that use energy to self-propel, operate far from thermal equilibrium. But markers nonequilibrium at macroscopic scales are often elusive. A new theoretical analysis shows how diagnose large-scale breakdowns in time-reversal symmetry, which is a key property nonequilibrium.

We study the statistical properties of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs). In this simplest models, Gaussian white noise overdamped Brownian colloids is replaced by a colored noise. This suffices to grant system hallmark matter, while still allowing for analytical progress. in detail steady-state distribution AOUPs small persistence time limit and spatially varying activity. At collective level, we show experience motility-induced phase separation both presence pairwise forces or...

We discover unexpected connections between packing configurations and rare fluctuations in dense systems of active particles subject to pulsation size. Using large deviation theory, we examine biased ensembles which select atypical realizations the dynamics exhibiting high synchronization particle show that order emerging at bias can manifest as distinct dynamical states featuring vanishing current. Remarkably, transitions these arise from changing system geometry fixed constant density....

Because of its nonequilibrium character, active matter in a steady state can drive engines that autonomously deliver work against constant mechanical force or torque. As generic model for such an engine, we consider systems contain one several components and single passive is asymmetric geometrical shape interactions. Generally, expects asymmetry leads to persistent, directed current the component, which be used extraction work. We validate this expectation minimal consisting particle on...

Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating energy at level their microscopic components. This flux stems from conversion a fuel, present in environment, into sustained individual motion. It can lead to collective effects without any equivalent, such as phase separation for purely repulsive particles, or motion (flocking) aligning particles. Some these be rationalized using tools recapitulate nonequilibrium transitions. An important challenge is...

Active work measures how far the local self-forcing of active particles translates into real motion. Using population Monte Carlo methods, we investigate large deviations in for repulsive Brownian disks. Minimizing generically results dynamical arrest; contrast, despite lack aligning interactions, trajectories high correspond to a collectively moving, aligned state. We use heuristic and analytic arguments explain origin phase transitions separating arrested, typical, regimes.

Active diffusion of intracellular components is emerging as an important process in cell biology. This mediated by complex assemblies molecular motors and cytoskeletal filaments that drive force generation the cytoplasm facilitate enhanced motion. The kinetics have been precisely characterized in-vitro single molecule approaches, however, their in-vivo behavior remains elusive. Here, we study active vesicles mouse oocytes, where this plays a key role nuclear positioning during development,...

Active constituents burn fuel to sustain individual motion, giving rise collective effects that are not seen in systems at thermal equilibrium, such as phase separation with purely repulsive interactions. There is a great potential harnessing the striking phenomenology of active matter build novel controllable and responsive materials surpass passive ones. Yet, we currently lack systematic roadmap predict protocols driving between different states way thermodynamically optimal. Equilibrium...

We propose a model for the dynamics of probe embedded in living cell, where both thermal fluctuations and nonequilibrium activity coexist.The is based on confining harmonic potential describing elastic cytoskeletal matrix, which undergoes random active hops as result rearrangements within cell.We describe probe's statistics we bring forth quantities affected by activity.We find an excellent agreement between predictions our experimental results tracers inside cells.Finally, exploit to arrive...

Living organisms are inherently out-of-equilibrium systems. We employ recent developments in stochastic energetics and rely on a minimal microscopic model to predict the amount of mechanical energy dissipated by such dynamics. Our includes complex rheological effects nonequilibrium forces. By performing active microrheology tracking micron-sized vesicles cytoplasm living oocytes, we provide unprecedented measurements spectrum energy. show that our is fully consistent with experimental data,...

Abstract The study of thermal heat engines was pivotal to establishing the principles equilibrium thermodynamics, with implications far wider than only engine optimization. For nonequilibrium systems, which by definition dissipate energy even at rest, how best convert such dissipation into useful work is still largely an outstanding question, similar potential illuminate general physical principles. We review recent theoretical progress in studying performances operating active matter, where...

The internal dynamics of active gels, both in artificial (in-vitro) model systems and inside the cytoskeleton living cells, has been extensively studied by experiments recent years. These are probed using tracer particles embedded network biopolymers together with molecular motors, distinct non-thermal behavior is observed. We present a theoretical trapped particle, which allows us to quantify deviations from equilibrium behavior, analytic numerical calculations. map different regimes this...

Active matter constantly dissipates energy to power the self-propulsion of its microscopic constituents. This opens door designing innovative cyclic engines without any equilibrium equivalent. We offer a consistent thermodynamic framework characterize and optimize performances such cycles. Based on minimal model, we put forward protocol which extracts work by controlling only properties confining walls at boundaries, rationalize transitions between optimal show that corresponding efficiency...

We analyze collective motion that occurs during rare (large deviation) events in systems of active particles, both numerically and analytically. discuss the associated dynamical phase transition to motion, which when work is biased towards larger values, with alignment particles' orientations. A finite biasing field needed induce spontaneous symmetry breaking, even large systems. Particle computed exactly for a system two particles. For many-particle systems, we breaking by an...

We develop a general classification of the nature instabilities yielding spatial organization in open nonideal reaction-diffusion systems, based on linear stability analysis. This encompasses dynamics where chemical species diffuse, interact with each other, and undergo reactions driven out equilibrium by external chemostats. find analytically that these can be two types: caused intermolecular energetic interactions (E type), multimolecular out-of-equilibrium (R type). Furthermore, we...

We reveal that the mechanical pulsation of locally synchronized particles is a generic route to propagate deformation waves. consider model dense repulsive whose activity drives periodic change in size each individual. The dynamics inspired by biological tissues where cells consume fuel sustain active deformation. show competition between repulsion and synchronization triggers an instability which promotes wealth dynamical patterns, ranging from spiral waves defect turbulence. identify...

Abstract We introduce a family of lattice-gas models flocking, whose thermodynamically consistent dynamics admits proper equilibrium limit at vanishing self-propulsion. These are amenable to an exact coarse-graining which allows us study their hydrodynamic behavior analytically. show that the here belongs universality class Model C, and it generically exhibits tricritical behavior. Self-propulsion has non-perturbative effect on phase diagram, yielding novel behaviors depending type aligning...

Abstract We consider a dense assembly of repulsive particles whose fluctuating sizes are subject to an energetic landscape that defines three species: two distinct states with finite size, and point as intermediate state between the previous species. show nonequilibrium synchronization systematically leads homogeneous configuration associated survival single Remarkably, relaxation towards such features transient phase separation. By delineating analyzing dominant kinetic factors at play...

Colloidal heat engines extract power out of a fluctuating bath by manipulating confined tracer. Considering self-propelled tracer surrounded passive colloids, we optimize the engine performances based on maximum available power. Our approach relies an adiabatic mean-field treatment particles which reduces many-body description into effective dynamics. It leads us to reveal that, when operated at constant activity, can only produce less than its counterpart. In contrast, output isothermal...

The nonequilibrium activity taking place in a living cell can be monitored with tracer embedded the medium. While microrheology experiments based on optical manipulation of such probes have become increasingly standard, we put forward number alternative protocols that, claim, will provide insight into energetics active fluctuations. These are either performing thermodynamiclike cycles control-parameter space or determining response to external perturbations confining trap beyond simple...