Phthalic acid esters are important additives in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Since PVC plastisoles for the production of wallcoverings contain about 30% phthalic esters, it is a crucial question whether these products can contribute to pollution indoor environment. In this study, emission several technically relevant phthalates from PVC-coated were measured test chambers under standard room conditions. During 14-day period, both chamber air concentrations and condensation on cooled...

Cationic polymerization of 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane gives branched, soluble macromolecules with multiple glycolic end groups. There are approximately 3–4 "normal" units per one branched unit.

The synthesis of reversible polyester networks based mainly on the Diels–Alder chemistry, alkene [2 + 2] cycloaddition or transesterification reactions and studies their reversibility its consequences are reviewed.

The ongoing interest of researchers in bioderived polylactide (PLA) is due to the current tendency replace petroleum-based plastics with polymers from renewable resources. Polylactide fits this trend because its mechanical properties resembling those some commonly applied daily life and degradability. Added value excellent biocompatibility PLA thanks which it has found an application biomedicine. This great reflected literature. Crosslinking was also studied by many authors as easy method...

In recent years, there has been continuous growth in the market for polylactide/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) which can be attributed to increasing preference environmentally friendly products derived from renewable resources. Apart its established biomedical applications, polylactide is being considered as a replacement petroleum-based polymers various industries, including packaging, electronics, automotive, and textiles. However, PLA modification necessary meet properties of common...

Abstract Multifunctional initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are prepared by converting ditrimethylolpropane with four hydroxyl groups, dipentaerythritol six and poly(3‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐oxetane) ∼11 groups to the corresponding 2‐bromoisobutyrates or 2‐bromopropionates as obtained reaction acid bromides. Star polystyrene (PS) is produced using these macroinitiators neat styrene in a controlled manner ATRP at 110 °C, employing catalytic system CuBr bipyridine. M n...

Poly(oxyethylene)s terminated at both ends with 2-bromopropionate end-groups were prepared and characterized by means of MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. It was shown, that atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methyl methacrylate a poly(oxyethylene) macroinitiator in bulk proceeds low initiation efficiency while tert-butyl acrylate practically quantitative initiation, leading to ABA block copolymers. Originally formed blocks contain terminal bromine, as expected for the ATRP mechanism....

This paper, second in a series, reports the cationic polymerization of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane leading to branched polyethers containing exclusively methylol groups attached quaternary carbon atoms (primary hydroxyl groups). GPC chromatograms and MALDI TOF spectra isolated polymers demonstrated that intramolecular chain transfer polymer occurred, providing cyclic fragment macromolecule. limited growth thus molecular weight resulting polymers. The phosphorus cation-trapping method...

Abstract A straightforward strategy for the synthesis and functionalization of polyurethanes (PUs) via use alkyne‐functionalized polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) diols is described. The alkyne groups have been introduced into PTHF chains by cationic ring‐opening copolymerization tetrahydrofuran glycidyl propargyl ether. These prepolymers were combined with 1,4‐butanediol hexamethylene diisocyanate linear PUs latent sites. polyether segments then coupled several types functionalized azides...

The kinetics of propagation in the polymerization propylene oxide proceeding by activated monomer (AM) mechanism is studied. Propagation this system involves addition a protonated molecule to terminal hydroxyl group growing oligomer. A kinetic analysis reaction allowed determination equilibrium constant K, governing distribution protons between and HO- groups, which turn enables calculate rate kp. This composite value has been further separated into constants four reactions, involving two...

Cationic copolymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with ethylene oxide (EO) in the presence diols proceeds simultaneous participation secondary and tertiary oxonium ions. This process comprises therefore some features activated monomer (AM) active chain end (ACE) mechanisms. The mechanism copolymer formation was evaluated, kinetics competing reactions involving both ions nucleophiles present system studied. apparent rate constants were derived, allowing estimation influence conditions on...

Abstract Summary: Cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 3‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyloxetane (EOX) in a neutral ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim][BF 4 ]) leading to multihydroxyl, branched polyether proceeds readily nearly quantitative conversion. Because the relatively high polarity liquids, intermolecular hydrogen bonding formation aggregates is reduced considerably. On other hand, intramolecular facilitating chain transfer not significantly affected and...

Abstract We have found, that heteropolyacids (HPA) are efficient initiators of cationic polymerizations, including polymerizations cyclic ethers and acetals, providing high‐molecular‐weight polymers. In several systems (e. g. THF, 1,3‐dioxolane) the degree polymerization is given by ratio concentrations monomer initiator, as for living system. formaldehyde trimer: 1,3,5‐trioxane, comparable rates may be obtained with ≈ 25 times less an initiator consumption on weight basis (≈ 10 3 molar...

Abstract The cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane (BHMO) and the copolymerization BHMO with 3‐ethyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)oxetane (EOX) were studied. Medium molecular weight polymers (number‐average ≈ 2 × 10 3 ) obtained in bulk polymerization. Poly[3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane], as highly insoluble, was only characterized by gel permeation chromatography NMR methods esterified form. Copolymers EOX that slightly soluble organic solvents more detail. In a from 1:1...