The Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project (CBCCSP) was conceived as a comprehensive hydrologic database to support climate change planning, impacts assessment, and adaptation in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) by diverse user community with varying technical capacity over wide range of spatial scales. study has constructed state-of-the-art, end-to-end data processing sequence from “raw” model output suite modelling products that are served web-accessible database. A calibrated 1/16...

Boreal species sensitive to the timing and duration of snow cover are particularly vulnerable global climate change. Recent work has shown a link between wolverine (Gulo gulo) habitat persistent spring through 15 May, approximate end wolverine's reproductive denning period. We modeled distribution within Columbia, Upper Missouri, Colorado River Basins using downscaled ensemble model. The model was based on arithmetic mean 10 models (GCMs) that best fit historical trends patterns these three...

Several recent studies have reported a substantial correlation between satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud fraction, which is ascribed to an microphysical mechanism. Another possible explanation, however, that the history meteorological forcing controls both AOD fraction. The present study examines latter hypothesis by comparing conditions along parcel back‐trajectories for cases large small Cloud observations are obtained from MODIS instrument aboard Terra,...

Measurements of aerosol and cloud properties in the Eastern Pacific Ocean were taken during an airborne experiment on University Wyoming's King Air April 2004 as part Cloud Indirect Forcing Experiment (CIFEX). We observed a wide variety aerosols, including those long‐range transport from Asia, clean marine boundary layer, North American emissions. These classified by their size distribution history, found stratified layers between 500 to 7500 m above sea level thicknesses 100 3000 m. A...

This study presents estimates of long‐range transport black carbon (BC) and aerosol fine mass (diameter less than 2.5 μ m) across the Pacific Ocean into North America during April 2004. These are based on simulations by Chemical Weather Forecast System (CFORS) model evaluated 130°W, (30°N–60°N) from 26 March through 25 CFORS calculates BC at 25–32 Gg which over 75% originates Asia. Modeled is between 900 1100 Gg. The amounts to about 77% published American emissions. Approximately 78% 82%...

Abstract This study presents findings from the application of a new Lagrangian method used to evaluate meteorological sensitivities subtropical clouds in northeast Atlantic. Parcel back trajectories are account for influence previous conditions on cloud properties, whereas forward highlight continued evolution state. Satellite retrievals Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), Special Sensor...

AbstractClimate change is likely to affect milk production because of the sensitivity dairy cows excessive temperature and humidity. We use downscaled climate data county-level industry estimate losses for Holstein in conterminous United States. On a national level, we present-day 1.9 percent relative baseline project that impacts could increase these 6.3 by end twenty-first century. Using prices, this corresponds annual $670 million per year today, rising $2.2 billion also find there...

Abstract Assessing uncertainties in hydrologic models can improve accuracy predicting future streamflow. Here, simulated streamflows using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at coarse (°) and fine spatial resolutions were evaluated against observed from 217 watersheds. In particular, adequacy of VIC simulations groundwater- versus runoff-dominated watersheds a range flow metrics relevant for water supply aquatic habitat was examined. These 1) total annual streamflow; 2) fall,...

Abstract This paper examines the synoptic conditions that yield extreme precipitation in two regions with different orographic features, Olympic Mountains and Puget Sound. To capture precipitation, a dynamical downscaling is performed, driven by NCEP–NCAR reanalysis evaluated for cool-season months from 1970 to 2010. Clustering techniques are applied regional climate simulation, which reveals Sound as distinct temporal variability precipitation. Results show approximately one-third of events...

Abstract Global climate models often simulate atmospheric conditions incorrectly due to their coarse grid resolution, flaws in dynamics, and biases resulting from parameterization schemes. Here we document a bias the magnitude extent of minimum temperature extremes CMIP6 model ensemble, relative ERA5. The is present southern Cascadia region (i.e., Pacific Northwestern United States southwestern British Columbia, Canada, spanning coast Rocky Mountains), with some showing excess −10°C first...

Abstract. Station locations in existing environmental networks are typically chosen based on practical constraints such as cost and accessibility, while unintentionally overlooking the geographical statistical properties of information to be measured. Ideally, considerations should not take precedence over intended monitoring goal network: focus network design adequately sample quantity observed. Here we describe an optimal technique, ensemble sensitivity, that objectively locates most...

The sea and land change elevation spatially temporally from a multitude of processes, so it is necessary to constrain the movement both evaluate how coastlines will evolve those evolving impact natural built environment over time. We combine observations global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), leveling geodetic monuments, tide gauge records with tectonic model Cascadia subduction zone absolute rates vertical in coastal Washington. infer areas lacking direct by interpolating high-quality...

Abstract Station siting for environmental observing networks is usually made subjectively, which suggests that the monitoring goals network may not be met optimally or cost effectively. In Antarctica, where harsh weather conditions make it difficult to install and maintain stations, practical considerations have largely guided development of staffed automated station network. The current coverage in Antarctica evaluated as a precursor optimal design. Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System...

Abstract Modeled stream discharge is often used to drive sediment transport models across channel networks. Because varies non‐linearly with flow rates, modeled from daily total precipitation distributed evenly over 24‐hr may significantly underestimate actual bedload capacity. In this study, we assume capacity determined a hydrograph resulting the use of hourly (1‐hr) close approximation and quantify error introduced into network‐scale model driven by at network locations varying lowland...

Abstract Internal variability in the climate system can contribute substantial uncertainty projections, particularly at regional scales. be quantified using large ensembles of simulations that are identical but for perturbed initial conditions. Here we compare methods quantifying internal variability. Our study region spans west coast North America, which is strongly influenced by El Niño and other large‐scale dynamics through their contribution to Using a statistical framework...

Abstract. Station locations in existing environmental networks are typically chosen based on practical constraints such as cost and accessibility, while unintentionally overlooking the geographical statistical properties of information to be measured. Ideally, considerations should not take precedence over intended monitoring goal network: focus network design adequately sample quantity observed. Here we describe an optimal technique, ensemble sensitivity, that objectively locates most...

[1] In the paper “Meteorological bias in satellite estimates of aerosol-cloud relationships” by Guillaume S. Mauger and Joel R. Norris (Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L16824, doi:10.1029/2007GL029952, 2007), an error has been identified paragraph 16. A mistake regression calculations led to overcorrection for systematic relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) lower tropospheric stability (LTS). Application more robust compositing analysis indicates that increase cloud fraction...