In this paper, the on-body performance of a range wearable antennas was investigated by measuring | <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> path gain between two devices mounted on tissue-equivalent numerical and experimental phantoms, representative human muscle tissue at 2.45 GHz. particular, study focused compact higher mode microstrip patch antenna (HMMPA) with profile as...

For the first time, this paper presents an analysis of performance IEEE 802.15.4 low power, data rate wireless standard in relation to medical sensor body area networks. This is emerging application networking with particular constraints, including power consumption, physical size, robustness and security. In presented, star network configuration at 2.4 GHz was considered for a consisting wearable or desk mounted coordinator outside up 10 implanted sensors. The main consideration work...

Tissue-implanted ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio devices are being employed in both humans and animals for telemetry telecommand applications. This paper describes the experimental measurement electromagnetic modeling of propagation from 418-MHz 916.5-MHz sources placed human vagina. Whole-body homogeneous semi-segmented software models were constructed using data Visible Human Project. Bodyworn radiation efficiencies a vaginally source calculated finite-difference time-domain ranged...

Medical body area networks will employ both implantable and bodyworn devices to support a diverse range of applications with throughputs ranging from several bits per hour up 10 Mbps. The challenge is accommodate this within single wireless network based on suitably flexible power efficient medium access control protocol. To end, we present Medium Access Control (MedMAC) protocol for energy adaptable channel in networks. MedMAC incorporates novel synchronisation mechanism initial efficiency...

Using seven strategically placed, time-synchronized body worn receivers covering the head, upper front and back torso, limbs, we have investigated effect of user state: <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">stationary</i> xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">or</i> mobile local environment: anechoic chamber, open office area hallway upon first second order statistics for on-body fading channels. Three candidate models were...

Mobile ad hoc networking of dismounted combat personnel is expected to play an important role in the future network-centric operations. High-speed, short-range, soldier-to-soldier wireless communications will be required relay information on situational awareness, tactical instructions, and covert surveillance related data during special operations reconnaissance other missions. This article presents some work commissioned by U.K. Ministry Defence assess feasibility using 60 GHz...

Bodyworn antennas are found in a wide range of medical, military and personal communication applications, yet reliable from the surface human body still presents engineering challenges. At UHF microwave frequencies, bodyworn can suffer reduced efficiency due to electromagnetic absorption tissue, radiation pattern fragmentation variations feed-point impedance. The significance nature these effects system specific depend on operating frequency, propagation environment physical constraints...

Closing feedback loops using an IEEE 802.11b ad hoc wireless communication network incurs many challenges – sensitivity to varying channel conditions and lower physical transmission rates tend limit the bandwidth of channel. Given that usage control performance are linked, a method adapting sampling interval based on 'a priori', static policy has been proposed and, more significantly, assuring stability in mean square sense discrete-time Markov jump linear system theory. Practical issues...

A thorough statistical analysis of multipath effects for on-body propagation channels in wireless body area networks (WBANs) is presented. Experiments were conducted at 868 MHz both stationary and mobile scenarios an anechoic chamber two typical indoor environments. When the WBAN stationary, fading bodyworn determined by body-centric processes with Nakagami (m Gt 1) shown to provide optimum fit. Equivalent Rician K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

In this paper, an analysis of radio channel characteristics for single- and multiple-antenna bodyworn systems use in body-to-body communications is presented. The work was based on extensive measurement campaign conducted at 2.45 GHz representative indoor sweep search scenario fire rescue personnel. Using maximum-likelihood estimation conjunction with the Akaike information criterion (AIC), five candidate probability distributions were investigated from these kappa- mu distribution found to...

This letter reports the statistical characterization and modeling of indoor radio channel for a mobile wireless personal area network operating at 868 MHz. Line sight (LOS) non-LOS conditions were considered three environments: anechoic chamber, open office area, hallway. Overall, Nakagami-m cdf beast described fading bodyworn operation in 60% all measured channels chamber environments. The Nakagami distribution was also found to provide good description Rician distributed which predominated...

Modeling of on-body propagation channels is paramount importance to those wishing evaluate radio channel performance for wearable devices in body area networks (BANs). Difficulties modeling arise due the highly variable conditions related changes user's state and local environment. This study characterizes these influences by using time-series analysis examine model signal characteristics user stationary mobile scenarios four different locations: anechoic chamber, open office area, hallway,...

In this paper, a compact printed meandered folded dipole antenna with volume of 114 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> suitable for implantation in range different body tissue types diverse electrical properties is presented operation the 2.36-2.4 GHz MBAN and 2.4-GHz ISM bands. Its performance was verified compared against that wire slot loaded monopole an implant phantom testbed containing equivalent liquids...

Lognormal small-scale fading has recently been reported in a number of indoor propagation studies. However, until now, no method generating higher order statistics for this distribution short-term channels appeared the literature. In letter, we present lognormal model which is based on Bessel-derived autocorrelation function frequently used Rayleigh-, Rice-, and Nakagami-fading simulators. addition, exact, closed-form expressions level crossing rate average fade duration (AFD) observed...

We present a novel device-free stationary person detection and ranging method, that is applicable to ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) networks. The method utilizes fixed UWB infrastructure does not require training database of template waveforms. Instead, the capitalizes on fact human presence induces small low-frequency variations stand out against background signal, which mainly affected by wideband noise. analyze probability, validate our findings with numerical simulations experiments...

This special issue provides the latest research and development on wireless mobile wearable communications. According to a report by Juniper Research, market value of connected devices is expected reach $1.5 billion 2014, shipment may 70 million 2017. Good examples are prominent Google Glass Microsoft HoloLens. As technology rapidly penetrating our daily life, communication becoming new paradigm. Mobile device communications create challenges compared ordinary sensor networks short-range...

The radiation efficiency and resonance frequency of five compact antennas worn by nine individual test subjects was measured at 2.45 GHz in a reverberation chamber. results show that, despite significant differences body mass, wearable antenna had standard deviation less than 0.6 dB the shift 1% between subjects. Variability largely dependant on tissue coupling which is related to both geometry characteristics. chamber measurements were validated using synthetic phantom compared with...

This study presents a co-design approach to wireless network control systems (WNCS). Experimental studies are carried out identify and analyse the delays inherent in WNCS, with new inverse Gaussian model for their statistical distribution proposed. Two different packet-based predictive schemes presented. One uses dynamic matrix (DMC), other is linear quadratic (LQ) controller incorporating multiple observers. Lyapunov stability derived using inequalities (LMIs) multi-observer LQ whereas...

The electrical and communication performance of a 0.8-/spl mu/W UHF temperature telemeter designed for human vaginal placement is discussed; solenoidal loop antenna was used, occupying volume 0.1 cm/sup 3/. In situ, measured power absorption between 19-25 dB, resulting in an effective operating range 10 m. Capacitive loading lowered the antenna's resonant frequency by 1.4% there significant polarization change radiated output.

Multipath propagation is a fundamental requirement for the operation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. However, at ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and above, pedestrian movement may significantly affect multipath conditions in indoor environments. For first time, systematic analysis effect on channel capacity an otherwise line-of-sight MIMO link single room presented. A novel model populated environment also introduced, based geometrical optics detailed radar cross-section...

In this letter, we perform a novel characterization of the fading experienced in body to communications channels for fire and rescue personnel using recently proposed kappa - mu distribution. A transmitter positioned on lead person four strategically placed, time-synchronized 2.45-GHz receivers situated protective helmet shoulders another team member allowed small-scale signal variation be recorded while persons performed building sweep search type operation. general model with parameters...

A combined antennas and propagation study has been undertaken with a view to directly improving link conditions for wireless body area networks. Using tissue-equivalent numerical experimental phantoms representative of muscle tissue at 2.45 GHz, we show that the node |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | path gain performance new wearable integrated antenna (WIA) is up 9 dB better than conventional compact Printed-F...