Abstract The next generation of automotive lithium‐ion batteries may employ NMC811 materials; however, defective particles are significant interest due to their links performance loss. Here, it is demonstrated that even before operation, on average, one‐third experience some form defect, increasing in severity near the separator interface. It determined can be detected and quantified using low resolution imaging, presenting a improvement for material statistics. Fluorescence diffraction data...

Fracture of lithium-ion battery electrodes is found to contribute capacity fade and reduce the lifespan a battery. Traditional fracture models for batteries are restricted consideration single, idealised particle; here, advanced X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, an electro-chemo-mechanical model phase field framework combined predict void-driven in electrode particles realistic microstructure. The shown exhibit highly heterogeneous electrochemical response that depends on particle size...

The phase separation dynamics in graphitic anodes significantly affects lithium plating propensity, which is the major degradation mechanism that impairs safety and fast charge capabilities of automotive lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we present comprehensive investigation employing operando high-resolution optical microscopy combined with non-equilibrium thermodynamics implemented a multi-dimensional (1D+1D to 3D) phase-field modeling framework reveal rate-dependent spatial graphite...

Establishing the nature of crack generation, formation, and propagation is paramount to understanding degradation modes that govern decline in battery performance.

Increasing the operating voltage of lithium-ion batteries unlocks access to a higher charge capacity and therefore increases driving range in electric vehicles, but doing so results accelerated degradation via various mechanisms. A mechanism particular interest is particle cracking positive electrode, resulting losses capacity, disconnection active material, electrolyte side reactions, gas formation. In this study, NMC811 (LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co O 2 ) half-cells are charged increasing cut-off...

To understand fracture behaviour in battery materials, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has become the primary technique for non-destructive particle analysis. Cracking causes performance decline polycrystalline NMC811 by exposing new surfaces parasitic electrolyte reactions and disconnecting active material from electrode matrix. First cycle crack formation been documented, but definitive electrochemically induced is challenging to assess due complex sample preparation high-resolution...

To understand fracture behaviour in battery materials, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has become the primary technique for non-destructive particle analysis. Cracking causes performance decline polycrystalline NMC811 by exposing...

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important tool for studying battery electrode microstructures but relies on robust segmentation validity. Here, several approaches to applying accessible machine-learning software segment open-source lithium-ion (LIB) tomograms are followed identify the optimised methodology that minimises variation in active material volume fraction quantification across three users. Iterative, manual training seven cross-sectional slices (<5%) of a tomogram identified...

LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) electrodes typically consist of anisotropic single-crystal primary particles aggregated to form polycrystalline secondary particles. Electrodes composed NMC have a comparatively high gravimetric capacity and good rate capabilities but do not perform as well single crystal equivalents in terms volumetric energy density cycling stability. This has prompted research into well-dispersed single-crystalline products an alternative solution for high-energy-density batteries....

To understand the fracture behaviour in battery materials, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has been employed widely and become primary technique for non-destructive particle analysis. Cracking is known to cause decline cell performance of polycrystalline NMC811 as it exposes new surfaces parasitic electrolyte reactions disconnects active material from electrode matrix. First cycle crack formation documented previously; however, definitive electrochemically induced can be difficult...

X-ray computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a powerful tool for the 3D characterisation of materials. However, in order to obtain useful tomogram, sufficient image quality should be achieved radiographs before reconstruction into dataset. The ratio signal- and contrast-to-noise (SNR CNR, respectively) quantify are largely determined by transmission detection photons that have undergone interactions with sample. Theoretical can predicted if only few variables known: material chemistry...

Abstract Particle micro-cracking is a major source of performance loss within lithium-ion batteries, however early detection before full particle fracture highly challenging, requiring time consuming high-resolution imaging with poor statistics. Here, various electrochemical cycling (e.g., voltage cut-off, cycle number, C-rate) has been conducted to study the degradation Ni-rich NMC811 (LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co O 2 ) cathodes characterized using laboratory X-ray micro-computed tomography. An...

Abstract X‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) is a non‐destructive characterization technique that in recent years has been adopted to study the microstructure of battery electrodes. However, often manual and laborious data analysis process hinders extraction useful metrics can ultimately inform mechanisms behind cycle life degradation. This work presents novel approach combines two convolutional neural networks first locate segment each particle nano‐CT LiNiMnCoO 2 (NMC) electrode dataset,...

To understand the fracture behaviour in battery materials, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has been employed widely and become primary technique for non-destructive particle analysis. Cracking is known to cause decline cell performance of polycrystalline NMC811 as it exposes new surfaces parasitic electrolyte reactions disconnects active material from electrode matrix. First cycle crack formation documented previously; however, definitive electrochemically induced can be difficult...

To understand the fracture behaviour in battery materials, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has been employed widely and become primary technique for non-destructive particle analysis. Cracking is known to cause decline cell performance of polycrystalline NMC811 as it exposes new surfaces parasitic electrolyte reactions disconnects active material from electrode matrix. First cycle crack formation documented previously; however, definitive electrochemically induced can be difficult...

This article reports the data required for planning attenuation-based X-ray characterisation e.g. computed tomography (CT), of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cathodes. The reported here is to accompany a co-submitted manuscript (10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108585 [1]) which compares two well-known attenuation sources: Henke et al. and Hubbell al., applies methodology by Reiter extend this towards practical prominent cathode materials. may be used beyond analysis in accompanying manuscript, aid...

Fracture of lithium-ion battery electrodes is found to contribute capacity fade and reduce the lifespan a battery. Traditional fracture models for batteries are restricted consideration single, idealised particle; here, advanced X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, an electro-chemo-mechanical model phase field framework combined predict void-driven in electrode particles realistic microstructure. An shown exhibit highly heterogeneous electrochemical response that depends on particle size...

Establishing the nature of crack formation is paramount to understanding degradation modes that govern decline in battery performance. Cracking has several possible origins; however, it can be classified two general cases: mechanically induced, during manufacturing, or electrochemically operation. Accurate and repeatable tracking operational cracking without convolution pre-existing cracks highly challenging; observing these features requires highest resolutions for 3D imaging techniques,...

During charge/discharge cracking occurs in Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) secondary particles. Secondary particles with cracks will have observably lower grey-levels micro-CT datasets compared to an otherwise identical pristine particle. This is due the ‘partial volume effect’ where voxels representative of space containing both void and solid phases result that are intermediate between or only. In this work, we present a method for automatically tracking changes grey-level effect large...

This year, a td-2 radio relay system1 will span Canada from Halifax to Victoria. Certain sections of the network are designed handle television and telephone circuits simultaneously on same broad-band channel. It is purpose this paper describe transmission terminal-equipment aspects which make new technique possible economically attractive.

Establishing the nature of crack formation is paramount to understanding degradation modes that govern decline in battery performance. Cracking has several possible origins; however, it can be classified two general cases: mechanically induced, during manufacturing, or electrochemically operation. Accurate and repeatable tracking operational cracking without convolution pre-existing cracks highly challenging; observing these features requires highest resolutions for 3D imaging techniques,...

Using X-ray tomography, we can predict and study the factors that govern fracture behaviour cracking in NMC811 particles as a function of potential. Cracking fracturing is known to cause decline battery performance, regions become disintegrated from conductive matrix. However, electrochemically induced be difficult assess due complicated sample preparation methods required. An in-situ accurately determines onset during delithiation layered structure crucial characterize voltage-induced...

Due to issues with toxicity and price, many manufacturers are reducing the cobalt content within lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries by moving towards nickel-rich cathode chemistries, such as layered nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide LiNi 0.8 Nm 0.1 Co O 2 (NMC811). Increasing Ni is accompanied higher theoretical capacities, high 275 mAh g -1 . However, complex degradation of this material not fully understood (1)(2)(3) consequently practical capacities can be significantly lower (~200 ) capacity...

LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) electrodes typically consist of anisotropic single-crystal primary particles aggregated to form polycrystalline secondary particles. Electrodes composed NMC have a comparatively high gravimetric capacity and good rate capabilities but do not perform as well single crystal equivalents in terms volumetric energy density cycling stability. This has prompted research into well-dispersed single-crystalline products an alternative solution for high-energy-density batteries....