Abstract The whole‐plant economics spectrum (PES) refers to the trade‐offs among many plant functional traits that are commonly used as indicators of major adaptive strategies, thereby providing insights into distributions, ecosystem processes and evolution. However, there few studies what may be called whole‐PES integrates bark, wood leaf for different types growth habits (evergreen vs. deciduous species). To address this gap in our knowledge, 6 bark traits, 7 (including mechanical support...

The coral symbiont Symbiodinium plays important roles in the adaptation of to environmental changes. However, coral-Symbiodinium symbiotic associations are not well-understood South China Sea (SCS) whilst considering factors and host taxa. In this study, next-generation sequencing internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) marker gene was used explore between five typical species across tropical subtropical reef regions SCS. results showed that Acropora sp., Galaxea fascicularis, Platygyra...

Abstract Background Reef-building corals, the foundation of tropical coral reefs, are vulnerable to climate change e.g. ocean acidification and elevated seawater temperature. Coral microbiome plays a key role in host acclimatization maintenance holobiont’s homeostasis under different environmental conditions, however, response patterns prokaryotic symbionts and/or warming rarely known at metatranscriptional level, particularly knowledge interactive persistent effects is limited. Using...

The plant economics spectrum describes the trade-off between resource acquisition and storage, sheds light on responses to environmental changes. However, data used construct comes mainly from seed plants, thereby neglecting vascular non-seed lineages such as ferns. To address this omission, we evaluated whether a fern exists using leaf root traits of 23 species living under three subtropical forest conditions differing in intensity nutrient gradients. were found be highly correlated formed...

Introduction The pivotal roles of both abundant and rare bacteria in ecosystem function are widely acknowledged. Despite this, the diversity elevational patterns these two bacterial taxa different seasons influencing factors remains underexplored, especially case bacteria. Methods Here, a metabarcoding approach was employed to investigate communities tested soil physico-chemical properties structuring community. Results discussion Our findings revealed that variation elevation season exerted...

In this study, juvenile crayfish hatched from the same population were cultured in different growing environments: pond (D1), paddy field (D2), and aquaculture barrel (D3), fed for 60 days. Crayfishes selected randomly, females males, 50 tails each six groups (D1-♀, D1-♂, D2-♀, D2-♂, D3-♀, D3-♂) to measure following morphological traits: full length (X1), body (X2), chelicerae (X3), weight (X4), cephalothorax (X5), width (X6), height (X7), eye spacing (X8), caudal peduncle (X9), (X10). We...

Carbon absorption capability and morphological traits are crucial for plant leaf function performance. Here, we investigated the five bamboos at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain to clarify how trait responds elevational gradient drives photosynthetic capacity variations. The Standardized Major Axis Regression (SMA) analyses Structural Equation Model (SEM) applied identify bamboo trait, including ratio of width length (W/L), mass per area (LMA), photosynthesis rates (Pn), nitrogen,...

Abstract Leaf respiration in the light (Rlight) is crucial for understanding net CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems. However, Rlight poorly quantified rarely discussed context leaf economic spectrum (LES), especially among woody species differing plant functional types (PFTs) (e.g., evergreen vs. deciduous species). To address this gap our knowledge, Rlight, dark (Rdark), light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), dry mass per unit area (LMA), nitrogen (N) phosphorus...

Abstract Understanding the scaling between leaf size and leafing intensity (leaf number per stem size) is crucial for comprehending theories about costs benefits in size–twig spectrum. However, scope of versus changes along twig variation different habit species remains elusive. Here, we hypothesize that numerical value exponent mass governed by minimum maximum ( M min max ) constrained to be ≤−1.0. We tested this hypothesis analyzing twigs 123 datasets compiled subtropical mountain forest....

Background and AimsNumerous driving variables have been employed to model predict changes in different soil respiration components. However, large uncertainty exists the annual fluxes of scaling with vegetation characteristics properties.MethodsFive Pinus taiwanensis forests along elevations Wuyi Mountain were used explore how total (RS), autotrophic (RA), heterotrophic (RH) regulated by characteristics, including carbon sequestration (Vco2), 0-20 cm root biomass (WR), litter production...

The scaling relationship between leaf area and dry mass is commonly employed to balance acquisition investment strategies. However, the understanding of in artificially domesticated species limited, especially tea. We analyzed relationships 94 tea cultivars across China. Then, we compared exponent with bamboo (50 species) trees (252 growing under natural conditions. Our results revealed that scaled approximately as 0.76-power mass, which significantly lower than (0.86) (1.03). Consequently,...

The whole-plant economics spectrum (PES) describes coordination between organ-level traits that together determine resource use strategies and is relevant for understanding plant responses to environmental change. Whereas organs has previously been explored across species, it remains unclear whether patterns observed species hold within species. In addition, the key driving forces underlying this warrant clarification.

Foliage leaves are the primary photosynthetic organ of majority vascular plants, and their area vs. biomass scaling relationships provide valuable insights into capacity investment in light interception, which is critical to plant growth performance. The “diminishing returns” hypothesis (DRH), based primarily on data from gymnosperms angiosperms, posits that leaf (lamina) scales with dry mass. average a exponent less than 1.0. However, it remains uncertain whether DRH applies ferns or...

Background and AimsMany driving variables have been used to model different soil respiration components.However, large uncertainty exists in the annual uxes of related vegetation characteristics properties. MethodsHere, ve Pinus taiwanensis forests along elevations Wuyi Mountain were explore how total (R S ), autotrophic A heterotrophic H ) regulated by characteristics, including carbon sequestration (Vco 2 0-20 cm root biomass (W R litter production (P L leaf area index (LAI), also...

Global climate changes e.g. ocean acidification and warming caused by anthropogenic emission of CO2 are the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. However, compared with knowledge Symbiodinium, little is known about synergistic effects combined on host coral-Symbiodinium symbioses. In this study, metatranscriptomic analysis was performed reveal response its symbiotic Symbiodinium (A), (H) (AH), using branching A. valida massive G. fascicularis as models in a laboratory simulation...

Many driving variables used to model different soil respiration components include biotic and abiotic factors. However, large uncertainty exists in the estimation by vegetation traits changes environments. Here, we investigated how annual fluxes of its proportion are regulated trait along elevation gradients. More than 20 months measurements from five Pinus taiwanensis forest elevations Wuyi Mountains were explore total (RS), autotrophic (RA) heterotrophic (RH) affected traits, including...

To reveal the variation of leaf nutrient utilization strategies with altitude gradient in subtropical mountain broadleaved trees, 44 species trees at different altitudes (1400, 1600 and 1800 m) Wuyi Mountains were selected to measure content, stoichiometric ratio, resorption efficiency green senescent leaves, analyzed their allometric growth relationships. The results showed that nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) contents leaves significantly higher than those which increased increases altitude....

Carbon absorption capability and morphological traits are crucial for plant leaf function performance. Here, we investigated the five bamboos at different elevations to clarify how trait responds elevational gradient, drive photosynthetic capacity variations. We selected bamboo species located along in Wuyi Mountain, southeastern China. The Standardized Major Axis Regression (SMA) analyses Structural Equation Model (SEM) applied identify trait, including ratio of length width (W/L), mass per...