Current diagnosis and surgical correction of craniofacial anomalies would benefit from accurate quantitative standardized points reference. A retrospective study was undertaken to define normal values for a series measurements evaluate the growth patterns complex through axial computed tomography (CT). Fifteen were taken 542 CT scan skeletally subjects. The measurement then divided into 1-year age categories 1 17 years, four groups those under year age. range pattern cranial vault, orbital...

Age-related growth changes in the ear were analyzed by measuring width and length of ears 1,590 North American Caucasians between 1 year 18 years age. By year, reached 93.5% adult size both sexes, only 2.3 mm less than mean value at years. In contrast, attained a developmental level 76.4% requiring an increment five times greater (12.3 mm) to reach At 5 years, (96.7%) was almost equal that adult, while 86.6% requires 8.2 additional millimeters attain size. Annual increments are small,...

Computed tomography (CT) is a useful modality for the management of craniofacial anomalies. A study was undertaken to assess whether CT measurements upper skeleton accurately represent bony region imaged. Measurements taken directly from five dry skulls (approximate ages: adults, over 18 years; child, 4 infant, 6 months) were compared those axial scans these skulls. Excellent agreement found between direct (dry skull) and indirect measurements. The effect head tilt on accuracy investigated....

Background: The purpose of this study was to critically assess long-term outcomes after open reconstruction craniosynostosis within the recent decade. Methods: authors performed a retrospective, institutional review board–approved repair for between 1997 and 2009. Surgical factors, complications, were assessed. Pearson chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kaplan-Meier analyses performed. Results: Of 212 patients, 72 underwent primary extended synostectomy 140 had traditional craniofacial repair. Mean...

Age-related growth changes in the face and relationships between its parts were calculated by using three vertical, two horizontal, projective surface measurements from 1,594 healthy North American Caucasians 1 18 years of age. By year, width mandible was highly developed (80.2%) while height reached only 66.6% eventual adult size. The mandible's showed significant development 5 years, height, upper width, depth exhibited continuous gradual after In general, matured 12 15 males 2 earlier...

The outcomes of a consecutive series 35 adults and adolescents judged to be skeletally mature (mean 18 years) who had unilateral cleft lip palate undergone Le Fort I advancement fixed with miniplates were investigated. All patients received grafts autogenous iliac bone stabilized intraoperatively four miniplates. amount timing horizontal vertical relapse, correlation between effect pharyngoplasty in place at the time osteotomy, performing multiple jaw procedures, maintenance overjet overbite...

Age-related growth changes in the nasolabial region were analyzed through six measurements taken between 1 year and 18 years of age 1,593 North American Caucasians. By age, length cutaneous portion upper lip width nose showed highest levels development compared with their adult size, 80.3 79.5%, respectively. 5 years, developmental level except nasal tip protrusion approached maturation level. Our indicated that was significantly greater than lip, which revealed increments age. The height...

Summary: Alloplastic bone substitutes can be used to alter facial contour. In contrast, autogenous grafts have a successful 80-year history of restoring contour as well the basic functional support craniofacial skeleton. The traditional procedures for harvesting and using are not obsolete. During past 30 years, techniques been refined new sources found, such calvarial grafts. New tools were required designed make easier faster surgeon safer less expensive patient. Four short articles under...

The treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis requires excision the involved structures and immediate reconstruction. This paper presents a consecutive series nine pediatric patients (mean age 7.7 years) who underwent standardized protocol to 13 affected joints. Four had unilateral ankylosis, five bilateral. One child required bilateral release but only Radiographic evidence demonstrated bony in total Two undergone surgical intervention before presentation authors. preoperative pain....

Five measurements of the head were taken between 1 year and 18 years age in 1,537 North American Caucasians. By age, circumference (87.5%) length (87.1%) showed highest levels developmental level compared with their adult size. 5 years, all width, length, increased, closely approaching maturation. Head reached full maturation at 10 females (182.7 mm), 14 males (189.2 mm). In females, width most advanced (142.7 males, matured 15 age. Adult height was approached 13 both sexes (113.3 mm 109.8...

We present a series of 14 consecutive isolated cleft palate patients aged 17 to 25 years (mean 19 years) who underwent Le Fort I maxillary advancement fixed with miniplates by the senior author (Posnick) over period 1987-1991. Ten autogenous bone grafting; all were stabilized intraoperatively four miniplates, prefabricated acrylic splint, and intermaxillary fixation. The analyzed determine amount timing horizontal anterior posterior vertical relapse, correlation between effect pharyngoplasty...

Our study applied a method of using 14 clinically relevant measurements CT scan images to document skeletal dysmorphology in patients with metopic synostosis determine the effectiveness their surgical procedure after minimum 1 year. Ten consecutive who underwent standard were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative (>1 year) scans compared those age-matched controls. Percentages normal then for significant differences. cranial vault revealed narrowed anterior inter-coronal distance at 92...

Data for analysis of age-related changes in growth the intercanthal (en–en) and biocular (ex–ex) widths were obtained from 1,594 healthy North American Caucasians age groups 1 to 18 years, divided equally between males females. At year, degree development width reached 84.1%, that 85.9% adults both sexes. The levels achieved by 5 years rose 93.3% 88.1% width, average total increments ages 5.2 mm 12.5 biocular. showed very little after year age; contrast, significantly greater before age....

Normal values for facial sensibility were determined in 36 healthy subjects. Sensation was evaluated using static and moving two-point discrimination pressure vibratory threshold four major regions of the head neck. Each region directly related to area innervated by a particular peripheral sensory nerve (supraorbital, infraorbital, inferior alveolar-mental, or great auricular nerve). Cutaneous varied from but consistent one normal individual another same subject on different days....