A5001040519- Marine and fisheries research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Marine animal studies overview
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Geological formations and processes
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal plant biology
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2010-2021
University of California, San Diego
2010-2021
Kyoto University
2008
In-Q-Tel
2001
Ashford Hospital
1989
North Carolina State University
1988-1989
Upwelling of nutrient-rich, subsurface water sustains high productivity in the ocean's eastern boundary currents. These ecosystems support a rate fish harvest nearly 100 times global mean and account for >20% world's marine catch. Environmental variability is thought to be major cause decadal-scale biomass fluctuations characteristic populations these regions, but mechanisms relating atmospheric physics production remain unexplained. Two conditions induce different types upwelling...
Abstract Sustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific conservation management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate or manage changes resulting from anthropogenic pressures. These observations, while complex expensive, required by international scientific, governance policy communities provide baselines against which effects human pressures climate change may be measured reported, resources allocated implement solutions. To identify...
Egg production by Paracalanus parvus, a particle‐grazing copepod, was investigated in relation to its food supply. The concentration of available ( P ) and the rates ingestion I egg B were measured simultaneously at intervals 6 h 2 d for periods 2–10 d. Concentration, chemical composition (carbon nitrogen), species phytoplankton experimental variables. related ingested during previous day. For one type, rectilinear functions P. average maximum 1.1 µ g N·female −1 ·d 53 eggs·female ,...
Anchovy and sardine populated productive ocean regions over hundreds of thousands years under a naturally varying climate, are now subject to climate change equal or greater magnitude occurring decades centuries. We hypothesize that anchovy populations limited in size by the supply nitrogen from outside their habitats originating upwelling, mixing, rivers. Projections responses rely on range model types consideration effects lower trophic levels, fishing higher traits these two fish....
A large fraction of the carbon dioxide added to atmosphere by human activity enters sea, causing ocean acidification. We show that otoliths (aragonite ear bones) young fish grown under high CO2 (low pH) conditions are larger than normal, contrary expectation. hypothesize moves freely through epithelium around in fish, accelerating otolith growth while local pH is controlled. This converse effect commonly reported for structural biominerals.
Particle-grazing copepods, primarily Temora longicornis and T. stylifera, seawater with natural particles were collected from the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Control ammonium-enriched aliquots incubated in triplicate for 2 days, copepods added incubation continued days. Analyses made dissolved nutrients (nitrate, ammonium phosphate), suspended (chlorophyll a phaeopigments, C, N, τ13C, τ15N), copepod bodies feces (C, τ15N) rates egg production estimated. Primary Δchlorophyll a, N) was enhanced...
The in situ rate of egg production ( B ) and female size Paracalanus parvus , a particle‐grazing copepod, water temperature, the concentrations chlorophyll particulate nitrogen were measured 31 collections from euphotic zone sea off southern California. was correlated positively with negatively temperature. A multiple regression log on nitrogen, size, temperature accounts for 44% variation B.B predicted best by an empirical function food concentration when available nature considered to be...
Numeric analysis of otolith morphology provides vital information to commercial fisheries concerning the age distribution, racial origin, and, some extent, environmental history fish stocks. Conventional methods used retrieve these data, though proven be effective, are time consuming, susceptible ambiguous interpretations, and only semiquantitative. Fourier shape descriptors, when analyze outlines silhouettes, represent a rapid, objective, semiautomated means obtaining much this information....
We describe a method to sample the highly contagious distribution of pelagic fish eggs. CUFES, continuous, underway egg sampler, consists submersible pump, concentrator, electronics and collector. This system operates continuously under nearly all sea conditions, providing real‐time estimate volumetric abundance eggs at pump depth, usually 3 m. CUFES‐derived estimates agree well with those from nets towed depth areal estimated vertically integrated plankton tows. CUFES has been used...
Abstract Populations of small pelagic fish are strongly influenced by climate. The inability managers to anticipate environment‐driven fluctuations in stock productivity or distribution can lead overfishing and collapses, inflexible management regulations inducing shifts the functional response human predators, lost opportunities harvest populations, bankruptcies fishing industry, loss resilience food supply. Recent advances dynamical global climate prediction systems allow for sea surface...
Developing enduring capacity to monitor ocean life requires investing in people and their institutions build infrastructure, ownership, long-term support networks. International initiatives can enhance access scientific data, tools methodologies, develop local expertise use them, but without ongoing engagement may fail have lasting benefit. Linking development technology transfer sustained monitoring is a win-win proposition. Trained experts will benefit from joining global communities of...
Abstract We hypothesized that change in the annual population size of guano‐producing seabirds (cormorant, Phalacrocorax bougainvillii ; booby, Sula variegata pelican, Pelecanus thagus ) is a response to changes primary and secondary production Peruvian upwelling system. tested this hypothesis by modeling nitrate input through upper layers ocean off Peru between 6° 14°S using data on wind stress sea surface temperature. The model predicted amount carbon fixed each year from 1925 2000, which...
Small pelagic fish typically show highly variable population dynamics due, in large part, to climate variability. Despite this sensitivity climate, few stocks of species are managed with consideration the environment. The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) represents a notable exception, for which sea surface temperature (SST) from Scripps Institution Oceanography (SIO) pier has been used, until recently, adjust exploitation pressure under warm (favorable) and cold (unfavorable) conditions....
We combined a Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer float with Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC) and fluorometer to make an autonomous biological profiler, the SOLOPC. The instrument senses plankton other particles over size range of 100 µm 1 cm in profiles 300 m depth sends data ashore via satellite. Objects sensed by LOPC include aggregates zooplankton, larger which can be distinguished from one another their transparency. hypothesized that diel production loss sinking grazing are...
The accelerating loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide has accentuated a long-standing debate on the role diversity in stabilizing ecological communities given rise to field research functioning (BEF). Although broad consensus been reached regarding positive BEF relationship, number important challenges remain unanswered. These primarily concern underlying mechanisms by which increases resilience community stability, particularly relative importance statistical averaging...
Abstract We use trivariate kernel density estimation to define spawning habitat of northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax ) and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax in the California Current using satellite data situ egg samples from Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) deployed during surveys April by Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Observed distributions were compared with monthly composite sea surface temperature (SST) chlorophyll a (chl data. Based on preferred...