Horizontal inequality by ethnic group has remained remarkably persistent for wealth, education and access to certain public services in Nigeria. While there been notable progress made towards improving to, reducing locally administered like some sanitation potable water, outcomes are stickier historically federally grid-based power the country. Populations Northwest Northeast geopolitical zones consistently report below national mean levels of electricity, while have significant gains...

Institutions of justice, like prisons, can be used to serve economic and other extrajudicial interests, with lasting deleterious effects. We study the effects on incarceration when prisoners are primarily as a source labor using evidence from British colonial Nigeria. digitized 65 years archival records prisons 1920 1995 provide new estimates value prison demand shocks incarceration. find that was economically valuable regime, making up significant share public works expenditure. Positive...

This paper examines whether disease burdens, especially prevalent in the tropics, contribute significantly to widening gender gaps educational attainment. We estimate impact of sudden exposure 1986 meningitis epidemic Niger on girls' education relative boys. Our results suggest that increases cases during years reduce disproportionately for primary school-aged going girls areas with higher exposure. There is no significant effect boys same cohort and effects non-epidemic years. findings have...

Over three decades after market-oriented structural reforms termed “Washington Consensus” policies were first implemented, we revisit the evidence on policy adoption and effects of these socio-economic performance in sub-Saharan African countries. We focus key ubiquitous reform around privatization, fiscal discipline, trade openness document significant improvements economic for reformers over past two decades. Following initial declines per capita growth 1980s 1990s, adopters experienced...

In 1996, following an epidemic, Pfizer tested a new drug on 200 children in Muslim Nigeria. 11 died while others were disabled. We study the effects of negative news vaccine compliance using evidence from disclosure deaths trials 2000. mothers reduced routine vaccination born after 2000 disclosure. The effect was stronger for educated and residing minority neighborhoods. did not affect other health-seeking behavior mothers. results illustrate potential spillover perceived medical malpractice...

Is functionality of electricity, sanitation and water infrastructure at schools unequally distributed geographically in Nigeria? Are there significant disparities between Northern Southern geopolitical zones the country as has been posited previous studies? In this study, we answer these questions with an examination schools, metrics for aggregated smallest administrative unit available country, local government area (LGA). We employ spatial statistical techniques to examine autocorrelation...

What are the links among climate change, epidemics, and socioeconomic inequality? Although recent pandemic has focused attention on effects of epidemics economic outcomes, a separate literature in science environmental health linked global change to an increase infectious disease there is relatively little work connecting these two strands literature. We explore group-based inequality by first reviewing scientific modeling warming epidemics. highlight ways which variables (such as...

Research and writing are critical components of an undergraduate education. Partnerships between economics faculty campus resources can improve student research skills. Here, the authors describe programs at three different campuses that bridge department resources: Empirical Reasoning Lab Barnard College, Writing Program Carleton Library's Data University California, Berkeley. The each program's mission structure, provide examples its impact on learning, discuss administrative factors (and...

Epidemics can worsen social inequality by increasing gender gaps in educational attainment through raising the direct and opportunity costs of investing girls, particularly poorer countries. We investigate this hypothesis examining effects sudden exposure to 1986 meningitis epidemic Niger on gap education. document a significant reduction years education for school-aged girls relative boys following epidemic. explore several channels underlying results find evidence highlighting income...

Epidemics can worsen social inequality by increasing gender gaps in educational attainment through raising the direct and opportunity costs of investing girls, particularly poorer countries. We investigate this hypothesis examining effects sudden exposure to 1986 meningitis epidemic Niger on gap education. document a significant reduction years education for school-aged girls relative boys following epidemic. explore several channels underlying results find evidence highlighting income...

Though previous works have discussed the benefits of precolonial ethnic state centralization for development in Africa, findings, a positive relationship between and mechanisms provided, local accountability leaders, do not explain heterogeneity outcomes, reflected unequal distribution access to public services among formerly centralized states today. Here, I find that has had negative effect on federally administrated, high control goods when cooperation failed autocratic federal government...

Institutions of justice, like prisons, can be used to serve economic and other extrajudicial interests, with lasting deleterious effects. We study the effects on incarceration when prisoners are primarily as a source labor using evidence from British colonial Nigeria. digitized 65 years archival records prisons 1920 1995 provide new estimates value prison demand shocks incarceration. find that was economically valuable regime, making up significant share public works expenditure. Positive...

Using data from the largest online job portal in Nigeria, we document (i) gender differences salary offers for jobs and (ii) response of to recessions. Jobs industries where number applicants skews female offer lower starting salaries than male. During Nigeria's 2016 recession, applications that skew fell, rose. In contrast, male rose, fell. accordance with this relative shift applications, salary-offer gap almost disappears.

Institutions of justice, like prisons, can be used to serve economic and other extra- judicial interests, with lasting deleterious effects. We study the effects on incarceration when prisoners are primarily as a source labor using evidence from British colonial Nigeria. digitized sixty-five years archival records prisons 1920 1995 provide new estimates value prison demand shocks incarceration. find that was economically valuable regime, making up significant share public works expendi- ture....

This paper studies the role of labor coercion in fiscal capacity building Nigeria during colonial era. We estimate value gained from and compare this to other expenditure using evidence British Nigeria. use datasets on wages prisoners 1920 through 1938 examine evolution period. Our results show that coerced convict made up a significant part expenditures. The provide new insights costs infrastructure effects revenue imperative African populations.