This study examines the development of ACS industry by taking Agricultural Machinery Service (AMS) as a case and discussing its impacts on small-scale household producers. Drawing upon theory 'appropriationism', this article shows that, replacing family labor input, AMS providers take share total agricultural income. As input decreases, producers are increasingly marginalized in distribution Even if still retain small plots land, they have lost control over farming process become subsumed to...

Since 2000, China has undergone a “golden age” of livelihood security construction similar to that the Western industrialized countries in 1960s 1980s. Nowadays, built up world’s largest social and housing support systems; coverage compulsory education reached average level high-income countries; main health indicators are generally better than middle- highincome countries. Obviously, is no longer “low-welfare” country. Livelihood expenditure, with share GDP close developed around 1980,...

China’s social security expenditure has increased more than twentyfold since 2000. Most studies attribute the increase to local governments, which are responsible for most expenditure, but some research emphasizes role of central fiscal transfers. Using provincial-level panel data spanning 2000 2017, we find that special transfers significantly stimulate both assistance and insurance general encourage expenditure. Disparities among across provinces remain largely unchanged. It reveals...

With the acceleration of urbanization process and transformation population structure, China’s small peasant economy is breaking away from involutionary growth. At same time, capital investment in family farms increasing, leading to capitalization rise “new agriculture.” Based on a case study tobacco growers Chinese township, this article demonstrates how contributes specialization scale production capitalized farm operates, depending mainly labor partly rented land. As typical new...