We aimed to assess the effects of an 8-week, online high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on parameters related anaerobic threshold (AT), body weight, and composition in pregnant women. A total 69 Caucasian women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (age: 31 ± 4 years; gestational age: 22 5 weeks; mean standard deviation) were randomly allocated either 8-week HIIT (HIIT group) or a comparative educational (EDU group). Our most important finding was that even progression...

The importance of sprinting and high-speed running activities during a soccer match is indisputable. main purpose this study was to investigate the relations between players' speed, aerobic capacity, body composition distance covered in different speed zones official matches compare performance variables according playing position.Twenty-three professional players (age: 27.9±4.58 y, mass: 78.8±7.35 kg, height: 181.7±6.53 cm) participated study. During 13 weeks competitive season, 16...

Background: The purpose of this paper was to present cognitive models illustrating efficiency the goalkeeper's actions in soccer based on observation play selected matches Euro 2008 finals. Material/Methods: method used study. both goalkeepers analysed 7 a cup phase European Championships which took place Portugal 2008. data recorded authors' forms. Activity, effectiveness and reliability during offensive defensive were subject examination. Results: It revealed that most goalkeeper are aimed...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the in-season pandemic lockdown influenced physical match performance in professional soccer players who participated competition German Bundesliga and Polish Ekstraklasa. data from 306 games for 296 Ekstraklasa were divided into before- after-lockdown periods. teams after 63-day COVID-19 did not differ significantly that first part season. In contrast, teams, 81-day lockdown, displayed shorter total distances (p < 0.001),...

The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements in amateur professional sports has increased the last decades. This is because most these contain bioactive compounds with a variety biological properties that exert physiological effect on human body. aim this study was to analyze dietary supplementation lyophilized black chokeberry extract levels pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepcidin, selected markers iron metabolism group young football players. double-blind included 22 male players...

The study aims were to determine the distance covered by goalkeepers during matches in context of game duration and result, identify area their most frequent activity, assess goalkeepers' involvement games finished with a win, draw, or loss. investigation was based on two innovative tools: goalkeeper's activity index (GAI) an analysis 5-min periods. A video tracking system used monitor 17 from Polish National League teams 15 matches. GAI applied game. Elite 72.7%, 25.8%, 2.5%...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence number ball touches authorised per game (one touch [T1], two [T2], and free [FT]) on players' physical responses throughout bouts in 4 vs soccer small-sided games (SSGs) with mini-goals (without a goalkeeper). Fourteen professional Polish players (age 23.2±2.7 years, height 177.9±6.1 cm, weight: 73.2±6.9 kg, body fat 12.6±2%, playing experience: 14±5 years) completed nine series SSGs. Each trial included three SSGs duration minutes an...

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect different interval training regimes on physical capacity and soccer-specific skills young soccer players. Twenty-two subjects were divided into two groups: small-sided games group (SSGG; age: 15.8 ± 0.63 y, body mass: 61.6 8.97 kg, height: 175.0 6.23 cm) or interval-running (IRG; 0.55 62.7 8.69 177.6 6.48 cm). groups completed 8-week programs. intervention consisted sessions per week (IRG – 7 × 3 min running where each bout 15 s...

Background: The human body is exposed to stressors on a daily basis. Short-term exposure particular stressor can cause the release of inflammatory markers – including c-reactive protein (CRP). EEG neurofeedback noninvasive form therapy that aims improve brain function. Neurofeedback type feedback based activity. Methods: research process was performed by group 80 men who were divided into 2 groups and control groups. In first group, high temperature applied, while in second physical exertion...

The main purpose of this study is to assess the relations between training loads and selected blood parameters in professional soccer players during a preseason sports camp. Fifteen (age: 24.3 ± 5.25 year; height: 182.6 6.75 cm; weight: 76.4 6.72 kg) participated 12-day All sessions friendly games were accurately analyzed with GPS system. Blood samples taken from before camp (PRE), middle (MID), one day after (POST). Mean total distance covered by was 85,205 2685 m, high-intensity running...

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The aim of the study was to assess efficiencies players in 1-on-1 situations terms their position on pitch and match time during final matches World Cup European Championships from 1990 2014. research conducted a sample 1012 football whose teams competed semi-finals, finals third place Football included performances 506 46 that were terminated at regulation 90 min. revealed an average match, performed 231 times with 51% accuracy. level accuracy significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) winning than...

The aim of this study was to present the characteristics actions efficiency in elite goalkeepers. 54 observations 25 goalkeepers participating 27 matches World and European Championships Africa Cup Nations Copa America held years 2014–2019 were included. applied a method observation. Game data registered on self-developed observation sheet. Goalkeepers’ activity, effectiveness, reliability with view implementing objectives game analyzed offensive defense. It found that goalkeepers’ game,...

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a research tool used assess the efficiency goalkeeper's actions in game futsal. Material/Methods: Author's own proposal an observation sheet created and subject validation procedure. To intra-rater reliability inter-rater reliability, ICC test used. Results: There strong compatibility ratings – 1.00 (95% Cl 1.00-1.00) 0.99 CI 0.99-1.00), which proves proposed tool. Conclusions: developed allows registration evaluation individual performance...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine physical activity profiles the main referee and assistant during official championship matches. Material/Methods: Motor 10 referees studied matches rank in period from April November 2016. Using a POLAR M400 heart rate monitor with built-in GPS sensor, total distance covered refereeing, mean maximum speed, intensity refereeing effort were analyzed. Results: It found that 7.75 km, while 4.40 km. referee's higher by 25 bt/min than assistant,...

Background:‪The aim of this study is to examine and compare the distance covered with high-intensity running determine differences in maximum velocities achieved a match by 15–19-year-old elite Polish soccer players depending on their age playing positions. Material methods:‪The current monitored analyzed 528 matches youth six tactical positions (12 goalkeepers, 24 fullbacks, central backs, wide midfielders, 36 midfielders 12 forwards) from four categories (U-15, U-16, U-17 U-19) three top...

Purpose The aim of the study was to develop a model efficiency actions goalkeepers from top-level futsal teams. Material and methods Goalkeepers’ activity, successful effectiveness were estimated with consideration accomplishing game objectives in offence defence changing match status. applied method observation. Data about registered on self-developed observation sheet. Overall, 62 games 23 participating 31 matches World European Championships UEFA Futsal Cup played years 2012–2015...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine if a Relative Age Effect (RAE) is present in Polish National Football Teams. Material and methods: Birth date distributions football players from youth Teams (Under 15 – Under 19) the senior Team were compared. sample (a total 1801 players) included 909 U-15 (n=290), U-16 (n=221), U-17 (n=153), U-18 (n=157), U-19 (n=88) 892 professional who played at least one official game for Team. Results: ‪An over-representation born first quarter each...

Background: The objective of the research was to work out set test tasks assessing special physical fitness 17-year-old soccer players. Material/Methods: At first, on basis analysis said issue in literature and authors’ own coaching experience, 13 were selected. Next, reliability accuracy chosen examined group 16 athletes from Centre Sports training for youth Gdansk. assessed by test-re-test method according a criterion internal tests. Except one task, all efficiency tests met scientific...

Background: The purpose of the study was to develop a model mapping efficiency actions futsal goalkeepers based on observation their game in eight matches cup finals World and European Championships 2012. Material/Methods: Data about were recorded originally developed sheets. Activity, effectiveness reliability particular offensive defensive aiming at achieving objectives investigated. Results: It found that attack mostly perform whose aim is gain playfield with ball by passing it foot from...

Background:The aim of this study was to identify and compare the efficiency action-effective football players in one against situations (1x1).Material/Methods: The game winning teams' observed four matches two semi-final meetings European Championships tournament 2004 2008.Visual recording monitored using a freeze-frame function data about players' were recorded on observation sheet by Szwarc.The activity, effectiveness reliability individual offensive defensive actions estimated.Results: It...