Abstract Background The Emergency Medical Service (EMS) in Germany is increasingly challenged by strongly rising demand. Speculations about a greater utilisation for minor cases have led to intensive media coverage, but empirical evidence lacking. We investigated the development of low-acuity calls from 2018 2021 federal state Berlin and its correlations with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods analysed over 1.5 million call documentations including medical dispatch codes, age,...

Phenological patterns of flowering and fruiting can be influenced by the effects reproductive time on seed production. We propose here that these are also phenological offspring quality. Furthermore, we hypothesize there cross-generational trade-offs between parental components fitness influencing evolution phenology. To test our hypothesis, examined multigenerational phenology in Plantago lanceolata. Offspring 30 families were transplanted into field plots to measure onsets fruiting,...

Designing basketball uniforms for female athletes is a challenge soft goods manufacturers. Data were collected from 503 collegiate players concerning body cathexis, form, garment fit satisfaction, uniform design preferences and demographic characteristics. Of the three areas of (upper, lower total), indicated they most dissatisfied with parts body. Being in did improve their perception bodies. Satisfaction parallels satisfactionldissatisfaction body; area creates greatest problems. The type...

Abstract The history of the analysis unbalanced factorial designs is traced from Yates's original papers (Yates 1933, 1934) to beginning computational revolution in 1960s. Emphasis placed on putting methods proposed during this period perspective view our present understanding.

To determine the evolutionary importance of parental environmental effects in natural populations, we must begin to measure magnitude these field. For this reason, conducted a combined growth chamber-field experiment temperature Plantago lanceolata. We grew field offspring controlled crosses chamber-grown parents subjected six treatments. Each treatment was characterized by unique combination maternal prezygotic (prior fertilization), paternal prezygotic, and postzygotic (during...

We explore the relationships among phenotypic plasticity, parental effects, and care in plants by presenting data from four experiments examining reflectance/color patterns Plantago lanceolata . In three experiments, we measured spike (inflorescence) reflectance between 362 850 nm using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Experiments show that (1) changes seasonally within outside visible portion of spectrum radiant energy, (2) increasing ambient temperature causes individual...

Abstract The question of why a geometric or coordinate-free approach to linear models has been subordinated an algebraic is considered by reviewing selected papers having slant. These begin with R.A. Fisher's 1915 paper on the distribution correlation coefficient and continue through William Kruskal's elegant 1975 geometry generalized inverses. thesis put forward that relative unpopularity not due inherent inferiority but rather combination inertia, poor exposition, resistance abstraction.

Numerous surveys show that consumers are concerned about the environment hut their concern does not always lead to actions, such as purchase of environmentally responsible products. It is intent this study assess impact extrinsic cues price and environmental-labeling information on consumer-purchase decisions. A simulated retail setting was used for data collection. Price had a major influence recycled textile The patterns varied by gender. No effects were found level income or attitudes....

The purposes of this study were to investigate if there differences between black and white female athletes' satisfaction with their bodies fit clothing examine the relationship body fit. responses 290 collegiate basketball players, 168 122 black, analyzed. MANOVA, Hotelling's T 2 , ANOVAs Pearson Product Moment correlations used in data analyses. Black females' perceptions overall differed, females more positive about than females. Female athletes sample did not differ garment Correlations...

In the days when analyses of variance were typically performed on a desk calculator, approximate methods such as unweighted means generally preferred to exact least squares dealing with disproportionate cell frequencies. Difficulties in computation and interpretation chief reasons why not favored. Today, widespread availability computers has largely removed computational difficulties associated methods, but of; remain. it is only through better understanding complexities introduced by...

The purpose of this research was to measure changes in selected plasma amino acids (AA) during two successive exercise trials exhaustion. Eleven trained male athletes completed these at weeks 4, 6, 8 and 12. Blood samples for each test were collected after a 12-hour fast times (in minutes) 0 (Resting), 45, 90, 135, 180, exhaustion (EI), 20-minute recovery period, the second (EII). At end EI, subjects consumed an artificially sweetened water replacement (placebo) treatment or carbohydrate...

Recommended methods for analyzing unbalanced two-way data may be classified into two major categories:the parametric interpretation approach and the model comparison approach. Each has its advantages drawbacks. The main drawback of is non-orthogonality.For dependence hypothesis tested on cell sizes. In this paper we provide examples to illustrate these

Among the antecedents of motivation, psychological climate has been regarded as one most significant contributors to an individual's motivation. This research uses Vroom Expectancy Theory (VIE) Work Motivation (1964) examine relationship between and work motivation management employees within retail industry. was examined aggregate subject rather than looking at valence, instrumentality or expectancy. Resulting subscales included a job characteristic, supervisor characteristic organizational...

Purpose. To track the 2-year movement of cardiac rehabilitation patients through stages change for dietary fat reduction and increasing fruit vegetable intake. Design. A cross-sectional, longitudinal evaluation a convenience sample patients. Setting. Department Pulmonary Cardiac Rehabilitation, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina. Subjects. Subjects (n = 118) were predominately white, overweight, married men with history tobacco use. Intervention. Group nutrition...

To determine the stages of change for dietary fat and fruit vegetable intake cardiac patients entering a rehabilitation program.A cross-sectional study using convenience sample newly admitted patients.Department Pulmonary Cardiac Rehabilitation, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina.Subjects (n = 226) were predominantly men, Caucasian, married, smokers with 9 to 12 years education, primary diagnoses coronary artery bypass graft.Stages food frequency questionnaires...

A statistical model is presented which useful in the solution of a Fredholm integral equation first kind and equivalent to one proposed by Strand Westwater. The related problem here are familiar statisticians from study regression analysis essentially, “(GLM): Find best linear unbiased estimate β given observation y satisfies = Hβ + e, e distributed as N (0, Γ).” Here y, c vectors, H an ( m n ) × k matrix, Γ certain positive definite, known matrix. main content paper that (GLM) provides way...

Soil monoliths were used to determine the effects of organic horizon removal, ash, water regime, and shading on red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedling emergence. collected from a jack (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand taken laboratory for prescribed burning, leading 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% removal. One half each monolith contained ash generated while other was kept ash-free. Each every sown with seeds. The then placed in greenhouse and, separate experiments, exposed different regimes shade regimes....

A geometric characterization of connectedness in a two-way design is given. This used to study four different analyses the usual hypotheses about row effects, column effects and interactions designs with empty cells.

Purpose: Despite growing evidence that mirror therapy (MT) is effective for improving lower-extremity (LE) function in patients with stroke, it not commonly used by physiotherapists. The purpose of this study was to determine whether change would occur physiotherapists' knowledge of, confidence performing, and willingness use MT LE stroke rehabilitation after participating a 1-hour educational module. Method: A convenience sample physiotherapists working neurorehabilitation recruited...