Aim: The aim of the study was to demonstrate prevalence and risk factors dry eye symptoms (DES) among university students in Poland. Material methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted 312 Polish students. questionnaire consisted Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) questions regarding medical history factors. Results: According OSDI, more than half respondents (57.1%) have ocular surface disease. Time spent using electronic devices is correlated with...

Adrenocortical carcinomas are extremely rare in the paediatric population. Most of them hormone-secretive lesions; therefore, they should be taken into consideration a child with signs precocious puberty and/or Cushing’s syndrome symptoms. Nonetheless, differentiation from benign adrenal tumours is necessary. We report case adrenocortical carcinoma girl and literature review using PubMed database. A four-year-old presented rapidly progressing syndrome. Imaging abdomen revealed large...

Introduction and purpose. Due to the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic polish government in March 2020 decided directs students remote learning. This condition last -with minor exceptions- one half year.Material method. The aim study was an evaluation public experience attitude towards online learning.Results. All respondents between May learned via devices. average note for e-learning 2,99 a 5-grade scale, while score stationary learning 3,84. Students motivation, engagement stress level...

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The is decrease or total blocking blood perfusion in brain fast recognition essential to conduct proper treatment. Currently commonly used methods are thrombolysis mechanical thrombectomy, which high efficacy observed only if they performed within few hours the first symptoms. Hence loads people, who diagnosed later, become unable undergo effective treatment.In study presented pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification,...

Introduction and objective
 Myopia is a defect of vision, which makes it impossible to see remote objects clearly. The disease can also lead serious ocular problems. affects about 30% the world population -according estimates- that percentage increase up 50% within next 30 years. Orthokeratology relatively new method on non-surgical, reversible correction myopia. Specially designed lenses, worn at night, shape cornea, results in proper vision during day.
 Review methods
 aim...

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication that affects 5% to 8% of all pregnancies. It leading cause maternal mortality contributes annually more than 60,000 deaths over the world. Data submitted so far by clinicians are still insufficient completely understand disease. Despite many researches, prediction patients suffering from PE remains difficult. Moreover therapeutic methods also limited and concentrated on symptomatic treatment early termination pregnancy. The aim presented article...

Introduction. Haemophilia is a genetic haemorrhagic disorder that characterises with extensive and prolonged bleeding. In severe stages of the disease, joint haemorrhages may occur eventually result in degeneration haemophilic arthropathy. Aim study. Summary evaluation diagnostic treatment methods skeletal problems patients haemophilia. Review patients’ knowledge about disease. Material methods. newest medical journal literature published on PubMed database. Results. Ultrasonography...

Introduction: An aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA) is a local aortic dilatation, most often below departure renal arteries. It becoming an increasingly common health issue amongst people over 65 years age and poses direct threat to life. However, early diagnosis, proper treatment postoperative care significantly increase chances for long-term survival. The currently available methods are surgical include classical or endovascular approach. method open operation consisting replacement...

Introduction: Acromegaly is a chronic disease resulting from increased secretion of growth hormone. The main reason elevated GH concentration pituitary adenoma that originates somatotropic cells. As consequence, several changes in the organism appear such as progressive deformation skeleton with enlargement skull, hands and feet, soft tissues, bones internal organs well many other systemic complications which are responsible for mortality untreated patients. Case report: A 60-year-old...

Introduction
 Young people find themselves in stressful situations more and frequently. Mental health access to professional psychical help is necessary. Unfortunately, the availability of psychologist's offices, as well knowledge about mental health, very limited.
 Aim study
 We aimed check factors that cause stress psychological Poland.
 Material method
 In order analyze issue, an Internet survey was prepared disseminated February March 2022.
 Results
...

Introduction and objective: Hypertension is the main preventable risk factor for both cardiovascular disease premature death globally. Estimates suggest that almost one in three adults suffered from hypertension 2010. This clinical entity can lead to different severe complications such as heart failure or stroke. Data shows blood pressure(BP) reduction below currently recommended leads a significant decrease of disease. The aim study review recent knowledge beneficial impacts Dietary...

Introduction and objective: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of the population globally. The exact pathogenesis rosacea remains unknown. However, there are considered several factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental impact, immune dysregulation, well presence microorganisms. aim study to review recent knowledge about relationship between Demodex folliculorum. information used in presented analysis was obtained by searching academic...

Introduction
 Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by progressive degeneration retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual field loss. the leading cause irreversible blindness in world. The World Health Organization classifies it as social civilization disease emphasizes need to improve ophthalmic care systems order meet constantly growing challenge for public health, which glaucoma. aim this article identify main problems that affect health system patients with glaucoma...

Introduction and purpose 
 Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widely prevalent condition which affects mainly children. The disease not as severe other allergic disorders; however, its symptoms significantly impact the patient's quality of life. therapeutic options have limited effectiveness they are burdened with numerous side effects. In addition, AR’s underlying causes fully elucidated; thus, there an urgent need to conduct more large sample studies on this topic.
 State knowledge...

Objective: The study was aimed to analyze the diagnostic approach a child with non-traumatic musculoskeletal pain registered in pediatric Hospital Emergency Department (HED). Since pandemic COVID-19 affects patient health and healthcare system, we also evaluated impact of on type symptoms.
 Study design: A retrospective cross-sectional conducted by statistical analysis data patients HED between January 2018 December 2020. Data referred not hospital ward admitted before during have been...

Multiple sclerosis is the most commonly occurring inflammatory disease of nervous system. It estimated that over 2 million people suffer from this disease. Currently SM untreatable, one can only try to stop progression or reduce severity symptoms. There have been numerous studies on effectiveness other monoclonal antibodies in treatment multiple sclerosis. A drug offers a chance for breakthrough ocrelizumab. antibody directed against B lymphocytes expressing CD20 antigen. Results studie...

Introduction and purpose. Influenza is the most common infectious disease reported in Poland. It caused by a virus, which transmitted through respiratory droplets. Vaccines are prime effective way to prevent its complications, but only 4,15 Polish people vaccinated against influenza, ranks Poland on one of last places Europe.Material method. The aim study was evaluation public knowledge about influenza vaccines.Results. majority respondents have basic still them (almost 70%) never been flu....

Introduction and purpose: 20% of COVID-19 cases require hospitalization, with men most often being affected. Current studies indicate a relationship between the incidence severity disease androgens, including worse prognosis in patients androgenetic alopecia. The aim study is to analyze available literature Pubmed Google scholar database order find an answer question whether there cause-and-effect alopecia COVID-19. State knowledge: Male sex hormones, androgen receptors, presence substances...