Latest technological trends lead toward systems connected to public networks even in critical domains. Bringing together safety and security work is becoming imperative, as a safety-critical system not safe if it secure. The main objective of this study investigate the current status co-analysis engineering by conducting systematic literature review. steps review are following: research questions identification; agreement upon search string; applying string chosen databases; selection...

Ethernet-based networks have found their way into industrial communication more than a decade ago. However, while industry and academia developed Ethernet variants to also meet real-time fault-tolerant requirements, recent standardization efforts within the IEEE 802 will broadly bring standard IT switched in future networks. As first standards of 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN) are becoming published at time this writing, we review these formulate further research challenges that still...

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are systems that developed by seamlessly integrating computational algorithms and physical components, they a result of the technological advancement in embedded distributed domains, as well availability sophisticated networking technology. Many industrial CPSs subject to timing predictability, security functional safety requirements, due which developers these required verify requirements during their development. This position paper starts exploring state art...

Nowadays, industrial networks are often used for safety-critical applications with real-time requirements. Such usually have a time-triggered nature message scheduling as core property. Scheduling requires nodes to share the same notion of time, that is, be synchronized. Therefore, clock synchronization is fundamental asset in networks. However, since typical standards synchronization, example, IEEE 1588, do not provide required level security, it raises question protection. In this paper,...

Time synchronization is essential for the correct and consistent operation of automation systems. An inaccurate analysis being a consequence improper synchronization, can affect functions, e.g., by producing false commands warnings. Industrial systems are evolving from rigid pyramid to flexible reconfigurable architecture due market evolution. The new trends in Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS), Industry 4.0, Internet Things (IoT) enabling this Citing need understand future requirements, paper...

TTEthernet is a communication platform which builds on Ethernet, but extends it to include fault-tolerance and real-time mechanisms. The existing technology developed for wired networks. A natural step improving extending the current application field introduction of mixed wireless network. However, this requires research both about possible adaptation systems as well implementation new technologies. central question security aspects sensor networks using technologies based TTEthernet. In...

System of Systems (SoS) represent a set independent Constituent (CS) that collaborate in order to provide functionalities they are unable achieve independently. We consider SoS as connected services needs be adequately protected. The integration these independent, evolutionary and distributed systems, intensifies complexity emphasizes the behavior uncertainty, which makes an security analysis critical challenge. One major priorities when designing SoS, is analyze unknown dependencies among...

Nowadays, mixed wireless and wired networks are used everywhere in everyday life, including industry where they often support time-critical applications. Industrial applications with high precision requirements subject to real-time constraints, thus one of the main assets, regardless application area, is clock synchronization. Considering such networks, synchronization first thing secure against a possible malicious adversary. In this paper, we consider ARP poisoning as technique disrupt...

Recent development in wireless technology enabling communication between vehicles led to introduction of the concept Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), which uses vehicle-to-vehicle and aims at string stable behavior a platoon vehicles. Degradation cascades have been proposed as way maintain certain level system functionality presence failures. Such degradation behaviour is usually controlled by runtime/state manager that performs fault detection transitions into states where it...

Industrial applications usually have real-time requirements or high precision timing demands. For such applications, clock synchronization is one of the main assets that needs to be protected against malicious attacks. To provide sufficient accuracy for distributed time-critical appropriate techniques preventing mitigating delay attacks breach are needed. In this paper, we apply game theory investigate possible strategies an adversary, performing targeting on hand and a network monitor,...

As the world enters information era, more and dependable services controlling even making our decisions are moved to ubiquitous smart devices. While various standards in place impose societal ethical norms on decision-making of those devices, rights individuals satisfy their own moral not addressed with same scrutiny. Hence, right reason evaluate morality certain is at stake. In this work we propose an agent-centred approach for assuring ethics technological service systems. We build upon...

Clock synchronization is a core asset to protect when securing cyber-physical systems with time-triggered architecture. One of the most challenging attacks against delay attack, where an adversary delays one messages, making node offset calculations incorrect for keeping clocks synchronized. way detect breach clock by monitoring offsets calculated in according algorithm. The analysis this work assumes that distributed nodes need share same notion time and reason, uses IEEE 1588 standard....

A term systems of (SoS) refers to a setup in which number independent collaborate create value that each them is unable achieve independently. Complexity SoS structure higher compared its constitute brings challenges analyzing critical properties such as security. An can be seen set connected or services needs adequately protected. Communication between considered service itself, and it the paramount for establishment enables connections, dependencies, cooperation. Given reliable predictable...

Recent advances in the industrial internet of things (IIoT) and cyber–physical systems drive Industry 4.0 have led to remote monitoring control applications that require factories be connected sites over wide area networks (WAN). The adequate performance depends on use a clock synchronization scheme. Packet delay variations adversely impact performance. This is significant WAN as it comprises wired wireless segments belonging public private networks, such heterogeneity results inconsistent...

Clock synchronization is one of the most essential assets for distributed real-time systems, as sensing, control and actuation require synchronized communication to meet deadlines. We propose a monitoring method detect if an adversary interfering with clock protocol. The monitor uses certain network indicators set rules decide about switching between Normal, Quarantine or Attack Detected states. Further, we way define thresholds decision-making based on theoretical analysis indicator values...

Recent advancement in the development of embedded systems and integration operational industrial technologies has accelerated progress cyber-physical (CPSs) development. Cooperation such allows to achieve new functionalities. However, often these are time-critical; hence, developers required provide guarantees systems' properties, as predictability security. In this paper, we start by glancing through research devoted developing time predictable secure systems. Thereon, extend discussion...

Over the past decade technological development has lead to systems being connected public networks in many critical domains. In such bringing safety and security work become even more important, as a safety-critical system is not safe if it secure. Given this, main goal of this study investigate current status co-analysis engineering by conducting Systematic Literature Review. we have focused on early stages identified 33 relevant publications categorised as: combined approaches that...

In context of safety-critical Systems (SoS) that are built as a collection several systems capable fulfilling their own function well the overall SoS function, increase production efficiency and decrease human effort in such systems, one has to be able guarantee critical properties safety security. It is not sufficient analyze these isolated from another, but provide joint analysis guarantees on This paper our initial towards building common security assurance approach for complex SoS, where...

Synchronization is essential for correct and consistent operation of automation systems. Synchronized devices accurately time-stamp the events enable timely communication messages over a network. In absence common time base, critical functions systems cannot be carried out in safe fashion. Unsynchronized may lead to malfunctions such as false alarms, wrong decisions erroneous outcomes resulting into serious showstopper plant operations. Despite technical advances synchronization, industrial...

Nowadays distributed control systems have become more and common important in everyday life. However, as many mobile, wireless, autonomous, ubiquitous connected, the need for secure communication is imminent. In particular, a general security framework with sufficiently flexible structure, applicable various use cases, emerges. Especially this applies to system based on heterogeneous networks consisting of wired wireless parts. Wired are nowadays often connected Internet thereby exposed...

Recent advances in the industrial internet of things (IIoT) and cyber-physical systems drive Industry 4.0 lead to advanced applications. The adequate performance time-critical automation applications depends on a clock synchronization scheme used by control systems. Network packet delay variations adversely impact performance. is significant sites, where software hardware resources heavily contribute harsh environmental conditions interfere with communication network dynamics. While existing...

Over the past decade, fast technological and industrial advances have been happening in area of autonomous Systems (SoS). A SoS is built upon integration several systems, where complexity such a structure exponentially higher which brings challenges to its analysis. However, it also has provided large set new opportunities domains as air traffic control, defense, construction industry, etc. It expected that fully cooperating systems will increase production efficiency, while decreasing...

Enabling System-of-Systems (SoS) security is an important activity when engineering SoS solutions like autonomous vehicles, provided that they are also highly safety-critical. An early analysis of such caters for proper architecture decisions, preventing potential high impact attacks and ensuring people's safety. However, characteristics as emergent behavior, makes decision-making at the architectural level a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, it essential to first address known...