The influence of teammates' shared mental models on team processes and performance was tested using 56 undergraduate dyads who "flew" a series missions personal-computer-based flight-combat simulation. authors both conceptually empirically distinguished between task- team-based indexed their convergence or "sharedness" individually completed paired-comparisons matrices analyzed network-based algorithm. results illustrated that shared-team- task-based related positively to subsequent process...

This chapter reviews the training research literature reported over past decade. We describe progress in five areas of including theory, needs analysis, antecedent conditions, methods and strategies, posttraining conditions. Our review suggests that advancements have been made help us understand better design delivery organizations, with respect to theory development as well quality quantity empirical research. new tools for analyzing requisite knowledge skills, evaluating training. know...

Substantial disagreement exists in the literature regarding which educational technology results highest cognitive gain for learners. In an attempt to resolve this dispute, we conducted a meta-analysis decipher teaching method, games and interactive simulations or traditional, truly dominates under what circumstances. It was found that across people situations, are more dominant outcomes. However, consideration of specific moderator variables yielded complex picture. For example, males...

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to highlight several fundamental questions that remain regarding shared cognition: (1) What must be ‘shared’? (2) does ‘shared’ mean? (3) How should measured? and (4) outcomes do we expect cognition affect? A general integrative description these provided. In addition, the value discussed along with recommendations for future research. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Critical decisions are made every day by teams of individuals who must coordinate their activities to achieve effectiveness. Researchers recently suggested that a shared mental model (SMM) among team members may help them make successful decisions. Several avenues for developing SMMs in exist, one which is planning. We explored the relationship between planning, SMMs, and coordinated decision making performance. Results indicated effective planning increased SMM members, allowed utilize...

The development of organizational commitment, academic self-efficacy, physical and motivation was examined in a socialization-type training context with data collected from 666 military trainees. hypotheses were that (a) fulfillment, or the extent to which meets fulfills trainee's expectations desires, (b) trainee reactions, (c) performance would be related develpoment posttraining attitudes. Support obtained for each hypothesis.

Multioperator tasks often require complex cognitive processing at the team level. Many processes, such as situation assessment and coordination, are thought to rely on knowledge. Team knowledge is multifaceted comprises relatively generic in form of mental models more specific models. In this methodological review paper, we recent efforts measure context mapping methods onto features targeted include type, homogeneity versus heterogeneity, rate change. Measurement elicitation method, metric,...

The authors focus on team performance in complex systems. Representative empirical literature is reviewed and models of are discussed. role mental considered several propositions developed that as mechanisms for forming expectations explanations behaviors. implications these training elaborated, particularly terms likely problems if deficient. results two initial studies support the plausibility reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

We tested the impact of teammates' team and task mental model sharedness on processes performance using 70 undergraduate teams that completed a series missions PC-based flight simulator. Moreover, we considered how quality models might moderate such relationships. Team were found to partially mediate relationship between performance. Although failed exhibit significant linear with or performance, it did evidence multiplicative as moderated by those models. better among sharing higher-quality...

The effects of cross-training (presence vs. absence) and workload (high low) on team processes, communication, task performance were examined. Eighty male undergraduate students randomly assigned to one four training conditions: cross-training, low workload; high no workload. Results indicated that was an important determinant effective teamwork process, performance. Predicted interactions between not supported. Implications for the design implementation as a means improve functioning are discussed.

This research investigated the effects of guided team self-correction using an empirically derived expert model teamwork as organizing framework. First, authors describe process used to define this model. Second, they report findings from two studies in which was structure self-correction. Participants were U.S. Navy command and control teams (25 Study 1, 13 2). Results indicated that debriefed model-driven approach developed more accurate mental models (Study 1) demonstrated greater...

Although organizations are increasingly utilizing teams to accomplish work tasks, there still remains a lack of prescriptive guidance for in terms how capitalize on the potential synergy offer. team researchers have made many advancements understanding antecedents, processes and consequences effective performance, some confusion. This confusion is part due following. First, by its very nature, teamwork multidimensional construct that elusive dynamic, making it difficult study. Secondly,...

The authors report an effort aimed at developing and evaluating measures of taskwork teamwork team knowledge for teams in which members differ backgrounds. These were used a study with 36 to explore the cognitive underpinnings performance variations due cross-training regime. demonstrate that these are valid provide information complements outcome behavioral measures. Teams exposed full acquired more than control or conceptual version cross-training. Measures regarding task critical system...

Abstract This study investigated the effects of a gaming approach on knowledge acquisition and retention in military trainees. Three groups trainees were presented with subject matter paper-based prose form (text), question-and-answer (test), or computer-based (game). These conditions selected to investigate potential benefits over traditional paper-and-pencil media terms trainee performance reaction. Results showed that participants assigned game condition scored significantly higher test...

Abstract Increasingly stringent demands are being placed on operators in many military systems due to recent advances technology and rapid changes the world order. In modem combat environment, require skill levels that more varied of a higher order than past. Coupled with current fiscal constraints, this situation an optimization training resources-a return investment results uncompromisingly high level readiness at lowest possible cost shortest time. The purpose research was advance...

Resilience has been recognized as an important phenomenon for understanding how individuals overcome difficult situations. However, it is not only who face difficulties; uncommon teams to experience adversity. When they do, must be able these challenges without performance decrements. This manuscript represents a theoretical model that might helpful in conceptualizing this construct. Specifically, describes team resilience second-order emergent state. We also include research propositions...

Although previous research has shown that cross-training team members improves performance, a number of questions remain concerning the nature cross-training. The current study provides an extension by investigating two theoretical issues: and joint impact workload on functioning. examined 40 three-person teams performing simulated radar task. Results indicated positional rotation was effective method for highly interdependent tasks, cross-trained developed greater degree interpositional...

from New York on a routine flight to Pittsburgh. Twenty minutes before landing, the pilot notices an indicator light suggesting problem with right engine. As crew begins dis cuss how handle potential prob lem, they are alerted by air traffic con trol that weather conditions have worsened in Northeast, causing Pittsburgh and surrounding airports be closed. At this point, faces serious decision could life and-death consequences if not prop erly resolved.

Abstract The military is growing increasingly dependent on the ability of individuals to coalesce quickly into effective teams. Consequently, there a need for scien- tists develop an understanding processes that influence team perfor- mance so appropriate training can be developed. In this review, we describe progress has been made toward goal. A historical perspective provided each four critical factors in performance: theoretical development, processes, measurement, and training. review...