We explored relations between reading comprehension performance and self-reported components of metacognition in middle-school children. Students' metacognitive strategies planning evaluation accounted for significant variance on questions involving inferences. In Study 2, middle school students read a science text then made predictions about how they would perform test. metacomprehension accuracy was related to their at different levels understanding. text-based question questions,...

In three experiments, the finding of slower reading text from a video screen than book was replicated, and several possible reasons for this effect were explored. Extra time (9 s) taken to fill had no significant on in condition. Similarly, varying contrast ratio image distance between reader speed. The format used condition (39 characters per line 20 lines page) produced did typical books (60 40 page), but alone (9.5%) could not account difference speed conditions (24.1%). reduced partly...

Letter orientation confusions (reversals) in the reading and writing of 10-year-old children with without disability were investigated to determine whether is associated letter errors identify nature errors. In a variety tasks measuring reception (reversal detection recognition) production (controlled writing, copying), individuals made more than average readers. Orientation frequent for reversible nonreversible items involving long-term memory processes. The results did not appear be...

Abstract The potential role of visual processing deficits in reading difficulty was brought to public attention by claims that a large proportion children with dyslexia suffer from perceptual dysfunction currently referred as Meares–Irlen syndrome (MISViS). A previous study showing measures involving memory and discrimination predict independent variance achievement [ J. Learn. Disabil. 28 (1995) 216] provides basis examine their relationships the diagnostic criteria MISViS. This examined...

ABSTRACT We tracked the developmental influences of exposure to French on developing English phonological awareness, decoding and reading comprehension English-speaking at-risk readers from Grade 1 3. Teacher-nominated were matched with not-at-risk in immersion language programs. Exposure spoken phonetic syllabic forms written orthographic morphological by children attending programs was expected promote phonological, achievement. Growth all outcomes found, experiencing higher final status...

In five experiments new methods of computer-supported reading were introduced and tested. Self-pacing was permitted in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), which words are presented sequentially at a fixed locus. Experiments 2 through 5 regressions also allowed RSVP. Larger yielded slower reading. Regressions back to the beginning sentence more frequent than two words. There no difference speed or comprehension caused by nature, analogue (mouse), digital (keystroke) control over speed,...

We investigated influences of non‐alphanumeric rapid naming on decoding skill growth for regularly and irregularly spelled English words. In a longitudinal study, 52 at‐risk 69 not‐at‐risk readers were tracked from Grade 1 to 3. Non‐alphanumeric ability measured in accounted unique variance irregular word early 2 – strong was associated with decoding. An interaction between reading risk status indicated that the influence different than readers. can have predictive validity as marker...

Visual processes in Grade 1 were examined for their predictive influences nonalphanumeric and alphanumeric rapid naming (RAN) 51 poor early 69 typical readers. In a lagged design, children followed longitudinally from to 3 over 5 testing occasions. RAN outcomes 2 predicted by speeded nonspeeded visual processing measures, after controlling initial (Grade 1) RAN, matrix reasoning, phonological awareness, word decoding abilities. A influence of backward masking—a discrimination task—was found...

ABSTRACTVisual attention and memory of 20 children with reading difficulty (Mage = 134 months), 24 chronological 138 months) 19 reading-age controls 92 were examined using object substitution masking; mask offset delay increases visual short-term demands. ERP amplitude differences in the N1 (alerting), N2pc (N2-posterior-contralateral; selective attention), SPCN (sustained posterior contralateral negativity; load) expected between groups. Chronological performed best, but results mixed. No...

Children with reading difficulty experience stress in school that may put them at risk of negative socio-emotional adjustment involving externalizing or internalizing patterns. It is unclear what factors influence some children to patterns and others This study investigated the influences age identification difficulties coping strategies on adjustment. Data were collected from 31 (ages 9 12 years), recruited Winnipeg schools child-care centres, measures strategy parent/guardian reported...

A discrimination task involving backward pattern masking was designed to investigate differences between disabled and normal readers in text perception. Masking observed for both groups with unfamiliar Japanese materials, but were less sensitive discriminating than readers. The same result obtained Roman letters, despite the high familiarity of materials groups, nonwords words. significant interaction group stimulus onset asynchrony, indicating that recovered from at a slower rate readers,...

Early childhood education and care (ECEC), involving nonparental preschool supervision programming for children in centre-based school contexts, can influence academic outcomes during elementary years. We present preliminary findings identifying quantity timing as important but relatively little investigated aspects of ECEC experience. focus on associations among cumulative hours the early (birth to 24 months prior commencement Grade 1) late (24 periods, later growth children’s achievement...

Good and poor readers differ on a variety of visual processes related to attention rate processing. Poor show increased attentional dwell time, evidence left field “minineglect,” differences measures magnocellular (higher dot motion coherence threshold, constrast sensitivity for low spatial high temporal frequency stimuli), lower accuracy masking. The current study examined reader group in performance one form backward masking that is - four 132 children Grade 1, half at risk reading...

Introduction We examine how awareness and analysis of morphemes contribute to children's reading comprehension its development. A multidimensional perspective on posits morphological play distinct roles in comprehension. Assuming individual differences growth these aspects processing, their concurrent influences can vary depending abilities, predictive change as abilities improve. Method The current longitudinal study examined the from Grades 1 3. Data 171 public school children, with...

Abstract A discrimination task involving backward pattern masking was designed to investigate differences between disabled and normal readers in text perception. Masking observed for both groups with unfamiliar Japanese materials, but were less sensitive discriminating than readers. The same result obtained Roman letters, despite the high familiarity of materials groups, nonwords words. significant interaction group stimulus onset asynchrony, indicating that recovered from at a slower rate...

Object substitution masking (OSM) involves reduced perceptibility by a briefly lingering mask despite no spatial target-mask overlap. Two primary accounts for this phenomenon posit differences in object representation visual short-term memory (VSTM). In the account single resides VSTM: lone when attention is not focused on target, and target+mask target. The updating assumes individualization, with mask-alone representations concurrently present VSTM correct delayed-offset OSM trials. We...

Children with reading difficulties often show deficits in selective visual attention (SVA), and encoding information into working memory (VWM). We analyzed the ERP N2pc wave component, representing SVA, SPCN successful VWM storage, good- poor-reading children while they performed an object-substitution masking (OSM) task. During OSM illusory object elicited by a mask replaces target stimulus, particularly delayed offset. Thus, we predicted that storage of would be hindered under Because poor...