A5009510755- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Light effects on plants
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Potato Plant Research
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Gene expression and cancer classification
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
Rothamsted Research
2002-2014
University of Hertfordshire
2001-2002
University of Essex
1985-1994
Abstract The roles of two cytosolic maize glutamine synthetase isoenzymes (GS1), products the Gln1-3 and Gln1-4 genes, were investigated by examining impact knockout mutations on kernel yield. In gln1-3 gln1-4 single mutants double mutant, GS mRNA expression was impaired, resulting in reduced GS1 protein activity. phenotype displayed size number, with both phenotypes gln1-4. However, at maturity, shoot biomass production not modified either or mutants, suggesting a specific grain mutants....
Summary The role of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) was studied in wheat. GS isoforms were separated by HPLC and the two major leaf (cytosolic GS1 chloroplastic GS2) found to change content activity throughout plant development. GS2 dominated green, rapidly photosynthesising leaves compared which a minor component. remained main isoform flag at early stages grain filling but increased as aged. During senescence, there decrease total resulted largely from loss thus 1 became greater...
ABSTRACT 2‐carboxy‐D‐arabinitol‐1‐phosphate (CA1P) bound to Rubisco either in leaf extracts or after purification can be displaced by SO 4 2− ions. Thus, treatment of with a buffer containing 200 mol m −3 displaces any CA1P and enables measurement maximum car‐boxylation potential. In tobacco leaves, the activity following −2 ions (‘maximal activity’) is greater than total activity. The ratio two activities altered dynamic way fluctuations irradiance. Even species which do not produce...
Summary To quantify the importance of Calvin cycle enzyme phosphoribulokinase (PRK) in photosynthesis and to perturb without large direct reductions leaf protein content, tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) were transformed with an inverted cDNA encoding PRK. A population expressing antisense RNA a range PRK activities from wild‐type less than 5% obtained. CO 2 assimilation under growing conditions (330 µmol photons m −2 sec −1 , 350 µbar 25°C) was not inhibited until more 85% activity...
Durum wheat is susceptible to terminal drought which can greatly decrease grain yield. Breeding improve crop yield hampered by inadequate knowledge of how the physiological and metabolic changes caused are related gene expression. To gain better insight into mechanisms defining resistance water stress we studied transcriptome responses three durum breeding lines varying for stability under drought. Parents a mapping population (Lahn x Cham1) recombinant inbred line (RIL2219) showed lowered...
Summary A rapid and sensitive technique, involving analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics, for the study penetration photosynthetically active herbicides into leaves is described. range parameters are examined wheat treated with diuron in order to determine most appropriate parameter use herbicide studies. The usefulness technique demonstrated by examination effect commercially available additives on leaves.
In plant breeding, large numbers of test entries are tested annually and across many environments, making field designs that can reduce costs time highly advantageous. the ICARDA durum breeding program augmented design (AD) is used extensively. this study, two series multi‐environment agronomic trials an AD for a set replicated check lines unreplicated were analyzed using restricted (or residual) maximum likelihood (REML) estimation with mixed models, allowing spatial correlation in...
In response to the rapid growth of available genome sequences, efforts have been made develop automatic inference methods functionally characterize them. Pipelines that infer functional annotation are now routinely used produce new annotations at a scale and for broad variety species. These pipelines differ widely in their algorithms, confidence thresholds data sources reasoning. This heterogeneity makes comparison relative merits each approach extremely complex. The evaluation quality...
Summary The transformation of wheat opens up opportunities for manipulation key steps in plant metabolic pathways. Attempts to alter the expression sucrose phosphate synthase ( SPS ) and glycine decarboxylase GDC leaves have been made. Using a maize gene under control either constitutive promoter (in p35SMSPS) or green tissue specific pRGMSPS), Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cadenza) led production 22 independent transformed lines that contained transgene. Expression transgene, analysed by RT‐PCR,...
The kinetics of changes in photosystem I (PSI), II (PSII), and whole chain (PSII PSI) electron transport, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the capacity to bind atrazine polypeptide profiles thylakoids isolated from wheat leaves on exposure a photon flux density 2000 μmol m−2 s−1 were determined. Severe similar levels photo-inhibitory damage both PSII transport occurred correlated with decreases ratio variable maximal fluorescence, proportional contribution rapid phase atrazine....
Summary N. tabacum lines that lacked functional Rubisco were transformed with plasmids encoding a chloroplast transit peptide in frame C. vinosum rbc L and stable transformants generated. However, the transgene was transcribed at low level no activity or large subunits detectable any line.
Abstract Transgenic tobacco plants containing altered amounts of phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and the chloroplast phosphate translocator (PT) have been produced by transformation with cDNAs in sense or antisense orientation expressed from a rbcS promoter. Plants expressing PRK RNA contained range activities wild type to less than 5% type. CO2 assimilation rate was not inhibited until more 85% activity had removed. With reduction between 95%, rates were reduced up half compared It is estimated...