Currently, a worldwide tendency of decentralization electric energy production (called Distributed Generation) is observed, where small generators - sometimes composed by synchronous machines are connected mainly to distribution grids. Due the intrinsic characteristic load imbalance between phases in these systems, there series questions about operation and its respective control loops. Some related impact over actuation limiters excitation systems generators. In this context, paper presents...

The insertion of generators in distribution systems modifies the network's historical passive characteristic, allowing implementation new operation modes. However, energy storage allocation is required to explore every feature provided by decentralized entirely. In this sense, battery provide greater flexibility systems. Nevertheless, battery's power injection/absorption may cause active loss increase and voltage profile variation if there not proper planning its allocation. context, article...

The study of the imbalance effect on behavior protection functions used in synchronous generators, which are directly connected distribution and sub transmission systems, is subject this work. Very few studies available for type generation, commonly known as Distributed Synchronous Generation (DSG), spite its great potential countries like Brazil, instance. Within context, work presents a detailed modeling DSG corresponding evaluation with full representation three-phase system. results from...

In this review paper, CIGRÉ's definition of microgrids was adopted. Their main relevant technologies are discussed (distributed generators, energy storage systems and others). Some points in architecture also briefly considered. order to provide the reader with a clear picture, five representative were selected described. Finally, topic microgrid HIL simulation is addressed. A comprehensive literature used work.

The need to improve the continuity supply indexes has encouraged practice of operating distributed generation in islanded mode. However, one main issues for this operation mode is transition operation, which requires changing control objectives maintain voltage and frequency at acceptable levels. In context, paper aims analyze performance a well-known islanding passive detection scheme change enable stand-alone case loss grid. used based on rate relay, considered effective, easy implement...

The paper summarizes current efforts to develop a novel alternating (ac) sampling standard at the PTB in cooperation with ZERA- and EMH- GmbH Germany. This instrument shall operate frequency range of 40 Hz 5 kHz serve as transfer standard, allowing measurements basic accuracies some μV/V 50 be made. It is intended ensure improved traceability primary standards ac power Josephson calibration centers.

The demand for renewable energy sources has increased interest in storage systems, more specifically batteries. Due to their interesting characteristics, such as rapid response and decreasing price, the batteries can be used various scenarios electrical system. Among them, one highlight profit from purchase sale of electricity. objective this work is evaluate battery operation employing a fuzzy system that helps on arbitrage. an automatic decision maker buying or storing real-time proposed...

The increase of distributed generation in a worldwide level, combined with its characteristic operating under load imbalance between phases, motivated the study various aspects operation, such as analysis possible low-frequency oscillations and penetration level that meets minimum energy quality criteria. Among features deserve careful scrutiny, there is investigation synchronous generator dynamics severe conditions, including relevant dynamic associated to control loops. In this context,...

This work presents a study on the use of synchrophasors in remedial actions special protection scheme associated to Itaipu 60Hz transmission system, which generators are shed prevent frequency, angle and voltage instabilities. Currently, these control performed as open loop automated (based adjustments determined by offline studies), can result excessive amount generation shedding due conservative nature studies. The proposed aims incorporate closed order increase selectivity current scheme....

During the project of distribution system's protection, it is necessary to consider presence distributed generators that demand modifications in protection system design and create new operational possibilities, such as planning operation microgrids. The microgrids' ability operate islands can contribute improve energy supply continuity indexes well reduce costs not supplied. In this paper, under/over frequency directional overcurrent relays are modeled through ATP-EMTP applied identify...

Power system equipment modeling is a key-activity in the electric industry. The capacity allows electrical engineers to comprehend behavior and predict possible problems, affecting power planning, operation design. Also, differences between models responses urge be minimized, avoiding believe that more robust than it really is. Among all equipment, synchronous generators play central role process, because they are predominant form of generation their dynamic affects almost aspects operation....

Systems with distributed generators (DG) capable of operating in islanded mode usually present large variations frequency during the transition from grid-connected to operation mode. These can be even more critical if grid presents wind generation. Variable-speed do not respond intrinsically variations, and their control should switched enable release part its kinetic energy disturbances. This paper an analysis different switching strategies for temporary support generation based on doubly...

This paper presents a SoC-sharing function for management of bidirectional electric station in the microgrids context. The algorithm proposed this is able to execute fast or slow charges and discharges Electrical Vehicle (EV) battery according State Charge (SoC) availability. Thus, through Cascaded Interleaved Buck-Boost Converter, will also regulate DC link voltage. A study model, control structure technique presented. Finally, series stand-alone simulations validate by using PSIM <sup...

In the microgrids subject choosing a communication technology for new grid is not trivial task. For this purpose, an extensive review of available literature was conducted, and three technologies were selected: Fiber-Optics, LoRa WI-SUN. The main content paper consists on description, technical characteristics (organized in tabular form) some relevant applications to listed technologies. This aims provide reader necessary resources aid decision process most suitable technology. study...

Given the relatively new context in which Distributed Geeneration (DG) is inserted distribution systems, for certain aspects of operation this type system there are few studies power quality considering presence DG. One these certainly possibility DG operating under unbalanced three-phase conditions, quite common systems. The present work intended to fill gap with respect issues related switching overvoltages, particularly those originated from energizing lines. In particular, devoted...