The role of the hypothalamic and skin temperatures in controlling thermal response a resting animal was studied by measurements 1) hypothalamic, rectal, ear skin, trunk on dog rhesus monkey hot, neutral, cold environments; 2) metabolic responses neutral environments during immediately after holding hypothalamus at approximately 39.0 C means six thermodes surrounding perfused with water. results indicate that shivers environment same or higher temperature as environment; pants hot lower 3) is...

ABSTRACT Survival and blood acid-base status were measured on freshwater turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii Gray) that submerged at 3 °C in either aerated (high O2) or Na-equilibrated (low water. Results from catheterized turtles, without access to air under these conditions, non-catheterized which apnoeic (in high O2 low water) water with air, are compared. Under the most adverse conditions (catheterized, submerged, O2), survival duration was 126 ± 14 (X s.E.) days, 2 of 10 so treated still...

Pulmonary and nonpulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2) were measured on freshwater turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) at 3, 10, 15, 20 C, these data related to the physiological responses of submergence in aerated vs. anoxic water. Total V̇o2 increased with temperature a progressive fall Q10 from peak 8.5 between 3 10 C. The contribution exchange decreased 21% total C 5% Anaerobic metabolic rate, estimated rate plasma lactate accumulation during submergence, temperature, again high value (13.3) was found...

Fifty-two cases of scleroderma have been investigated in the Diagnostic Radiology Department. The incidence various systemic manifestations has discussed. It found that over 50 per cent patients had positive radiological changes colon. These are specific for and consist wide-necked pseudo diverticula transverse descending pathological basis is described.

Errors in clinical decision-making are disturbingly common. Here, we show that structured information–sharing networks among clinicians significantly reduce diagnostic errors, and improve treatment recommendations, as compared to groups of ...Errors Recent studies have found 10 15% all decisions regarding diagnoses inaccurate. experimentally study the ability ...

ABSTRACT Plasma [Na+], [K+], and [Cl-] were measured on blood sampled periodically from turtles submerged in Na-equilibrated (low-O2) or air-equilibrated (high-O2) water. osmolality total [Ca2+] [Mg2+] selected samples. Previously we reported that a severe metabolic acidosis developed under these conditions; low-O2 turtles, plasma [lactate-], rising to over 200 m-equiv/1, was only partially buffered by [HCO3-], which fell 40 5 m-equiv/1. The balance of the buffering accomplished changes...

Blood acid-base status and plasma ion concentrations osmolality of freshwater turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) were measured periodically during following submergence in N₂-equilibrated water (Po₂ < 5 torr) at 3, 10, 15, 20 C. Submergence durations that resulted similar reductions blood pH or [HCO₃⁻] each temperature 12 h C, 3 days 15 10 13 wk At 75% the fall anoxia was due to metabolic acidosis, but contribution respiratory acidosis drop increased with temperature, being 50% 73% Plasma...

ABSTRACT Western Painted Turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii (N = 5), were maintained submerged and apneic for 90 days: days 0–21 in severely hypoxic water ( 0–5 mmHg), 22–43 aerated ∼ 160 44–90 again water. From day onward, the was turtles allowed access to air ; temperatures at 3 °C. Arterial blood samples taken periodically analysed , pH, [Na+], [K+], [Cl−], [lactate−], [glucose] haematocrit. Plasma [HCO3−] calculated all total plasma calcium measured on from two animals. Each exposure low...

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The responses to prolonged diving in a representative of each the four families North American freshwater turtles (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Trionychidae) were investigated. For submerged at 10 C anoxic (N₂-equilibrated) and normoxic (aerated) water, we found: (1) Survival times anoxia (days) 2.6 (Trionyx), 5.2 (Sternotherus), 8.5 (Chelydra), 17.0 (Chrysemys); corresponding survival normoxia >100, 14.2, 29.3. differences between water significant all species except Chelydra. (2)...