Bisphenol A, used in the production of plastic, is able to leach from containers into food and cause multidirectional adverse effects living organisms, including neurodegeneration metabolic disorders. Knowledge impact BPA on enteric neurons practically non-existent. The destination this study was investigate influence at a specific dose (0.05 mg/kg body weight/day) ten times higher (0.5 weight/day), given for 28 days, porcine ileum. neuron immunoreactive selected neuronal active substances,...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex structure located in the wall of gastrointestinal tract. One less-known active substances found ENS cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART). It known that CART-positive neurons take part reactions to pathological stimuli, but knowledge physiological stimuli-dependent changes their population extremely limited. aim present study was investigate age- gender-dependent diversities distribution porcine colonic using double...

T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species, which may affect the synthesis of DNA and RNA causes various pathological processes. Till now, influence on enteric nervous system (ENS) located in wall gastrointestinal tract has not been studied. On other hand, cocaine- amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) one neuronal factors, whose exact functions intestines still remain fully explained. The present study describes low doses CART-positive structures porcine stomach, duodenum,...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) can undergo adaptive and reparative changes in response to physiological pathological stimuli. These manifest primarily as alterations the levels of active substances expressed by neuron. While it is known that mycotoxins affect function central peripheral systems, knowledge about their influence on ENS limited. Therefore, aim present study was investigate low doses zearalenone (ZEN) T-2 toxin calcitonin gene related peptide-like immunoreactive (CGRP-LI)...

T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite of some Fusarium species. It well-known that this substance can harmfully impact living organisms. Among others, thanks to the ability crossing blood-brain barrier, affect central nervous system. Mycotoxins mostly get into organism through digestive tract; therefore, first all they have break intestinal wherein important component enteric system (ENS). However, knowledge about on ENS rather scant. As result influence various physiological and pathological...

The enteric nervous system (ENS), localized in the wall of gastrointestinal tract, regulates functions intestine using a wide range neuronally-active substances. One them is calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), whose participation pathological states large remains unclear. Therefore, aim this study was to investigate influence inflammation and nerve damage double immunofluorescence technique neurochemically characterize CGRP-positive structures porcine descending colon. Both factors...

Abstract Background The enteric nervous system (ENS), situated in the wall of gastrointestinal tract, regulates majority intestinal activities physiological conditions and during pathological processes. Enteric neurons are diversified terms active substance expression. One most important neuropeptides within ENS is vasoactive polypeptide (VIP). It seems to be one among inhibitory peptides addition neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide (NO), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) motility secretion,...

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor commonly used in the production of plastics. Due to its relatively well-known harmful effects on living organisms, BPA often replaced by various analogues. One them bisphenol S (BPS), widely plastics industry. Until recently, BPS was considered completely safe, but currently, it known that not safe for internal organs. However, knowledge about influence nervous system scarce. Therefore, aim this study investigate two doses and enteric...

Neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) may undergo changes during maturation and aging, but knowledge physiological stimuli-dependent in ENS is still fragmentary. On other hand, frequency many ENS-related intestinal illnesses depends on age and/or sex. The double immunofluorescence technique was used to study influence both these factors calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive structures-in descending colon young adult female castrated male pigs. gender number neurochemical...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely utilized in plastic production process all over the world. Previous studies have shown that BPA, with its similarity to estrogen, may negatively affect living organisms. It acknowledged BPA distorts activity of multiple internal systems, including nervous, reproductive, urinary, and endocrine systems. also affects gastrointestinal tract enteric nervous system (ENS), which placed throughout wall from esophagus rectum. Contrary intestine, influence on ENS stomach...

BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogue bisphenol S (BPS), widely utilized in numerous fields of industry, may seep into the environment human organisms. Hitherto, BPA was regarded as to which people were exposed greatest extent. As endocrine disruptors, bisphenols have negative effects on health. Therefore, defining levels exposure these compounds is a key issue toxicology. Hair analysis has been increasingly used for biomonitoring humans, but information about coexistence BPS hair...

In recent years, a significant increase in the consumption of products containing large amounts acrylamide (e.g., chips, fries, coffee), especially among young people has been noted. The present study was created to establish impact supplementation, tolerable daily intake (TDI) dose and ten times higher than TDI, on population galanin-like immunoreactive (GAL-LI) stomach neurons pigs. Additionally, study, possible functional co-operation GAL with other neuroactive substances their role...

Abstract Parabens (PBs) are a group of substances commonly used in industry. They also pollute the environment, penetrate into living organisms and adversely affect various internal organs. During this study, degree exposure people Olsztyn, city north eastern Poland, to selected parabens most often industry was studied. The chemicals under investigation included: methyl paraben—MePB, ethyl paraben—EtPB, propyl paraben—PrPB, benzyl paraben BePB butyl -BuPB. To aim, hair samples collected from...

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of chemicals commonly used in various branches industry, which may adversely affect the living organisms. The aim this study were to evaluate exposure dogs six selected PFASs: five carboxylic acids (perfluorobutanoic acid - PFBuA, perfluoropentanoic PFPeA, perfluorohexanoic PFHxA, perfluoroheptanoic PFHpA, perfluorooctanoic – PFOA) perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) through analysis fur samples. To our knowledge is first concerning...

Bisphenol A (BPA), commonly used as a plasticizer in various branches of industry has strong negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, more and often it is replaced production plastics by other substances. One them bisphenol S (BPS). This study for the first time compares impact BPA BPS enteric neurons using double immunofluorescence technique. It been shown that both affect number containing substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuronal isoform...

Zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) is one of the zinc transporters family. It closely connected to nervous system, where enables transport ions from cytoplasm synaptic vesicles. This substance has been described within central and peripheral especially in enteric system (ENS). The aim present study was describe co-localization ZnT3 with selected neuromediators and/or neuromodulators participating sensory stimuli conduction neurons ENS porcine esophagus. Co-localization P (SP), leucine enkephalin...

The enteric nervous system (ENS), located in the wall of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by complex organization and a high degree neurochemical diversity neurons. One less known active neuronal substances found neurons neuregulin 1 (NRG1), factor to be involved assurance normal development system. During study, made up using double immunofluorescence technique, presence NRG1 ENS selected segment porcine large intestine (caecum, ascending descending colon) was observed...

Zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3), a member of the SLC 30 zinc family, is involved in transport ions from cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles or intracellular organelles. The aim present study was to investigate for first time percentage ZnT3-like immunoreactive (ZnT3-LI) neurons enteric nervous system (ENS) porcine esophagus and denotation their neurochemical coding. Routine double- triple-immunofluorescence labeling cervical, thoracic, abdominal fragments ZnT3 with protein gene product (PGP 9.5; used...

Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic chemical compound which is widely used in the production of plastics, can severely damage live organisms. Due to these findings, plastic industry has started replace it with other substances, most often bisphenol S (BPS). Therefore, during present investigation, use double immunofluorescence labeling, we compared effect BPA and BPS on enteric nervous system (ENS) mouse corpus stomach. The obtained results show that both studied toxins impact amount nerve cells...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxin widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics. correlation exists between BPA tissue contamination and occurrence pathological conditions, including cancer. First-passage detoxification high amounts liver promotes hepatotoxicity morphological alterations this organ, but there a lack knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena. This prompted us to investigate changes transcriptomics 3-month-old female mice exposed (50...