Malnutrition continues to be a critical public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. For example, East Africa, 48 % of children under-five are stunted while 36 underweight. Poor and poor nutrition now more characteristic living the urban areas than rural areas. This is because protective mechanism offered by advantage past; that is, benefits historically accrued residents cities as compared settings being eroded due increasing proportion slum settings. study sought determine effect mother's...

We describe trends in childhood mortality Kenya, paying attention to the urban–rural and intra-urban differentials. use data from Kenya Demographic Health Surveys (KDHS) collected between 1993 2008 Nairobi Urban Surveillance System (NUHDSS) two slums 2003 2010, estimate infant rate (IMR), child (CMR) under-five (U5MR). Between 2008, there was a downward trend IMR, CMR U5MR both rural urban areas. The decline more rapid statistically significant areas but not areas, hence gap differentials...

The introduction of universal primary education in sub-Sahara African countries the 1990s increased enrolment rates and provided opportunities to children who were previously not school. Research demonstrates that eliminating fees is magic bullet delivers access. This study seeks determine risk factors associated with dropout among school low-income areas Nairobi. Qualitative data from Education Program, collected between June July 2008. found that: dumpsites two slum sites Korogocho...

Many adolescent girls in Kenya and elsewhere face considerable risks vulnerabilities that affect their well-being hinder a safe, healthy, productive transition into early adulthood. Early adolescence provides critical window of opportunity to intervene at time when are experiencing many challenges, but before those challenges have resulted deleterious outcomes may be irreversible. The Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya (AGI-K) is built on these insights designed address for young girls....

The vast majority of adolescent births occur in low- and middle-income countries are associated with negative outcomes for both the mother her child. A multitude risk factors may explain why few programs have been successful delaying childbearing suggest that multisectoral interventions be necessary. This study examines longer-term impact a two-year (2015-17) program on early sexual debut fertility an urban informal settlement Kenya.

The paper examines gains that accrued to parents of adolescents, in an education program urban Nairobi, Kenya. Data comes from qualitative narratives collected during the endline evaluation Advancing Learning Outcomes and Transformational Change (ALOT Change) months April–May 2018 using focus group discussions (FGDs). Analysis followed framework Miles Huberman, which compares data participants across time. Results showed gained support provided their children continue with education. There...

Abstract Background Early adolescence is a critical window for intervention when it possible to lay foundation safe transition adulthood, before negative outcomes occur. The Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya randomized trial tested the effects of combinations interventions young adolescent girls in two sites – Kibera informal settlement Nairobi and rural Wajir County Northeastern region. Methods included community dialogues on role value (violence prevention), conditional cash transfer...

Early marriage has multiple drivers including cultural and social norms alongside lack of educational economic opportunities. This complexity may explain why few programs have demonstrated delays suggests multisectoral interventions are necessary. study examined a 2-year program designed to delay in marginalized setting.The used prospective 80-cluster randomized trial following up 2,147 girls aged 11-14 years from 2015 2019. Interventions included community dialogs about inequitable gender...

In 2003, 31% of young Kenyan women ages 15–24 reported sexual harassment and violence (SHV), with a majority experiencing debut due to coercion (Central Bureau Statistics, 2004 Central Ministry Health, ORC Macro. 2004. Kenya demographic health survey 2003: Key findings, Calverton, MD: Authors. [Google Scholar]). Data were obtained from sample 20 girls attending school in Kamu Lafamu (pseudonyms used for the study sites), 10 who had dropped out school, 14 teachers, using structured...

Free primary education policy has substantially increased school enrollment rates in Sub-Saharan African countries. The success and sustainability depend on teachers’ perception, motivation, proper implementation of the classroom. Few studies focus experiences challenges process implementing policy. current study presents theoretical reviews using “bottom-up,” “top-down,” incremental frameworks. used a desk review documents from Ministry Education other published materials an Research...

The main objective of this study was to examine the association between media exposure and voluntary counseling testing (VCT), factors that influenced VCT among Kenyan women men. Retrospective cross-sectional data from Kenya Demographic Health Survey 2003 were used, adjusting for weights strata account survey complex design. sample comprised aged 15 49 ( n = 8,050) men 54 3,539). Among those who read newspapers/magazines almost every day, fewer (15%) had been tested HIV than (31%), p <...

The objective of this study was to examine the association between education and domestic violence among women being offered an HIV test in urban rural areas Kenya. A sample selection who experienced physical ( n = 4,308), sexual 4,309), emotional 4,312) aged 15 49 allowed for estimation with further analysis stratified by residence. main outcome interest a three-factor (physical, sexual, emotional) measure predictor education. Nearly half all violence, (46%), (45%), (45%) occurred 29. After...

Background While a few studies have examined barriers to school re-entry among adolescent mothers, focusing on the experiences of girls in low-income informal settlements are scarce. We factors that hindered parenting living resource-constrained urban setting from re-enrolling school. Study conducted study Korogocho, settlement Nairobi, Kenya. Methods Barriers were documented through inductive thematic analysis 32 in-depth interviews with pregnant and aged 15 19 years (N = 22),...

Research evidence has established the importance of mothers’ education and their children’s educational achievement. However, little been done to establish association between with girls’ literacy numeracy scores, while linking it self-efficacy. Using baseline data collected in Kibera informal settlement 2015 as part Adolescent Girls Initiative–Kenya (AGI-K), this article tests mother–child achievement hypothesis taking into account Results show a significant parental cognitive scores at...

The prevalence of both domestic violence (DV) and HIV among Kenyan women is known to be high, but the relationship between them unknown. Nationally representative cross-sectional data from married formerly (MFM) responding Kenya Demographic Health Survey 2008/2009 were analyzed adjusting for complex survey design. Multivariable logistic regressions used assess covariate-adjusted associations serostatus any reported DV as well four constituent measures: physical, emotional, sexual, aggravated...

Abstract Introduction Mental health problems rank among the leading causes of disability young people globally. Young growing up in urban slums are exposed to adverse childhood experiences, violence, and other adversities. There is limited research on how exposure violence life events influence adolescents’ mental poor settings. This study examines associations between self-reported depression Nairobi. Methods draws data collected from 2106 adolescent girls aged 12–19 years who were...