The combination of different modalities greatly enhances the anticancer efficacy each treatment by combining their merits, showing promising potential in clinical translation. Herein, we fabricated cancer cell membrane-coated gold nanorods (GNR@Mem) possessing excellent photothermal transfer ability second near-infrared window and radiosensitizing under X-ray irradiation. membrane coating endowed nanomedicine with stability physiological environment selective homotypic targeting to specific...

Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death that associated with innate immunity promotion against tumors. Excess nitric oxide (NO)-triggered stress has potential to induce pyroptosis, but the precise delivery of NO challenging. Ultrasound (US)-responsive production dominant priority due its deep penetration, low side effects, noninvasion, and local activation manner. In this work, US-sensitive donor N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline (NMA) thermodynamically favorable structure selected loaded into...

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibit similar physicochemical properties to the ionic liquids. They are inexpensive, renewable, nontoxic, and environmentally benign have gradually attracted attention in several fields, for example, biorefinery. Here choline chloride-based DESs been used as catalysts preparation of deoxyfructosazine (DOF) through a self-condensation reaction d-glucosamine (GlcNH2). The catalytic performances "green cocatalyst", amino acids, mechanism were also studied....

The data volume of ionospheric observations has been dramatically enlarged these years by ground-based and spaceborne measuring techniques including global GNSS network, scientific commercial plans radio occultation, satellite altimetry. Given the diverse observing geometries, vertical coverages intermission biases among different measurements, it is imperative to evaluate their absolute accuracies estimate systematic determine reasonable weights error variances when integrating sources...

Various NMR techniques were employed to study the catalytic performance of Lewis acid SnCl4 and Brønsted HCl in conversion inulin value-added compounds by hydrolysis subsequent dehydration. The was examined reveal abilities besides its intrinsic acidity situ 1H 13C at 25 °C. dehydration reaction with as catalyst followed high temperature 80 fructose moieties dehydrated 5-(hydroxymethly)furfural (5-HMF), but glucose fragment inactive for under this condition. formation 5-HMF transformation...

Abstract The ionosphere scale height is one of the most significant ionospheric parameters, which contains information about ion and electron temperatures dynamics in upper ionosphere. In this paper, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method applied to process all radio occultations GPS/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate) from year 2007 2011 reconstruct a global model. This monthly medium model has spatial resolution 5° geomagnetic...

Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) as a mixed constellation consists of not only medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites but also inclined geosynchronous and geostationary (GEO) satellites, which the GEO remain visible stationary in Asia-Pacific region almost all time so to better ensure reflected signals stability continuity, compared using MEO previous Global Systems Reflectometry remote sensing research. This article demonstrates ocean altimetry capability from BDS satellite...

In this paper, we theoretically analyze the beam wander variance for Gaussian propagation through weak oceanic turbulence. Particularly, consider effect of eddy diffusivity ratio salinity to temperature as well outer scale on wander. To get tractable theoretical results, first develop an approximate refractive-index spectrum with and variable ratio. Based in turbulence, then derive closed-form expression variance. We present numerical results show that is either overestimated or...

Optical waveguides create interesting opportunities in the area of soft sensing and electronic skins due to their potential for high flexibility, quick response time, compactness. The loss or change light intensities inside a waveguide can be measured converted into useful feedback such as strain shape sensing. Compared other approaches those based on microelectromechanical system modules flexible conductors, entire sensor state characterized by fewer nodes less encumbering wiring, allowing...

This study was designed to evaluate and compare the usefulness of clear aligners conventional appliances on Oral Health-Related Quality Life (OHRQoL) in pediatric population. Emphasis placed relative benefits implications employing owing their escalating prevalence acceptability. The participants were divided into four groups: Clear Aligner Group (CAG), Conventional Appliance (ConAG), Malocclusion Control (MCG), Normal (NCG). Parameters including sociodemographic indicators daily routines...

Abstract Increasing total electron content (TEC) measurements from the low Earth orbiting satellites to Global Positioning System flourish exploration of ionosphere and plasmasphere for decades. This paper indicates a method that 3‐D Var is applied assimilate precise orbit determination antenna TEC Constellation Observing Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate (COSMIC) into background global core plasma model (GCPM). The slant data archived in COSMIC Data Analysis Archive Center 500 km 20,200 are...

The perfect position and axis of an implant is often limited by the morphology alveolar ridge, especially in Asians.The aim this study was to investigate frequency at which ideal placement anterior maxilla Chinese Asians would require facial bone augmentation given initial profile.Implants were virtually placed 303 sites without tooth loss maxilla. incidence characters plate fenestration analyzed. If there no fenestration, thinnest buccal (TB) amount adjacent measured recorded.A total 79...

Generally, the eddy diffusivity ratio of salinity to temperature is not equal one, especially in upper and mid-to-high latitude ocean. In this paper, performance practical underwater optical communication (UOC) systems investigated by considering influence other than one. Specifically, using Rytov theory weak turbulence, aperture-averaged scintillation indices for plane spherical waves are derived. The typical criteria including mean signal-to-noise bit error rate further studied. It found...

The radio occultation method, one of the methods used to provide planetary atmospheric profiles with high vertical resolution, was applied China’s first Mars mission, Tianwen-1. We carried out observations based on Chinese Deep Space Network, and one-way, two-way, three-way modes were for Doppler from Tianwen-1 spacecraft. successfully obtained effective 22 25 March 2022. An inversion system developed enabled derivation neutral density, pressure, temperature, electron density Mars. Utilizing...

Abstract In this study, an improved ionospheric model is presented by applying self‐specified F 2 layer parameters and adaptive topside into the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. Three parameters, critical frequency ( f o ), peak height h m scale H sc ) obtained from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate (COSMIC) observations, are modeled spherical harmonics expansion. The empirical orthogonal functions used to construct associated in validated...

Plasma bubbles represent notable ionospheric irregularities primarily observed in low latitudes, characterized by plasma depletions exhibiting large spatial scales, which can make a significant impact on the propagation of OTHR (over-the-horizon radar) waves. Firstly, we constructed three-dimensional model bubbles, is modulated Gaussian function distribution horizontal direction, and then analyzed EPBs (Equatorial Bubbles) ray path shortwaves. When radio waves propagate through with...

This article proposes a new sea surface wind speed (SSWS) retrieval modeling algorithm based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis for observations acquired by global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). As nonparametric algorithm, it is simpler compared with nonlinear methods. The influence of and incident angle error analyzed first time using spectrum analysis. Three types data from 80% CYGNSS 2019–2020 [delay Doppler map average (DDMA) leading edge slope...

Abstract Plasma bubbles are large‐scale irregular structures that often occur at equatorial latitudes, plasma (EPBs) affect the propagation of high‐frequency (HF) radio waves. Based on their main observational characteristics, a three‐dimensional (3D) model EPBs was established, and preliminary simulation performed. Three‐dimensional ray tracing can be used to simulate HF wave propagation. In this study, we consider different scales, appearing times heights, investigate influence path waves...

This study introduced a Kalman filtering assimilation model that considers the DCB errors of GPS/LEO satellites and GNSS stations. The results reliability were verified by various types data, such as ionMap, ionosonde, ISR, EDP ionPrf from COSMIC. following analyses carried out. Assimilating measured ground-based/spaceborne ionospheric observation data DOY 010, 2008 089, 2012 revealed introduction satellite GPS station can effectively suppress STEC caused single-layer hypothesis....