A5040640521- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Whipple's Disease and Interleukins
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Des Moines University
2025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2015-2024
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2015-2024
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2023
Center for Global Health
2023
Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
2020-2021
AID Atlanta
2020
National Center for Infectious Diseases
2002-2014
Hyattsville Community Development Corporation
2014
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2013
In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered in association with cases of severe acute respiratorysyndrome (SARS). The sequence the complete genome SARS-CoV determined, and initial characterization viral is presented this report. 29,727 nucleotides length has 11 open reading frames, its organization similar to that other coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses comparisons showed not closelyrelated anyof previouslycharacterized
An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Dominican Republic (13 confirmed cases) and Haiti (8 cases, including 2 fatal during 2000-2001. All but one patients were either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, cases communities with very low (7 to 40%) rates coverage oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The was associated circulation a derivative type 1 OPV strain, probably originating from single dose given 1998-1999. vaccine-derived had biological properties...
the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) notified CDC detection poliovirus type 2 in stool specimens from an unvaccinated immunocompetent young adult Rockland County, York, who was experiencing acute flaccid weakness.The patient initially experienced fever, neck stiffness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and limb hospitalized with possible myelitis (AFM).Vaccine-derived (VDPV2) detected obtained on days 11 12 after initial symptom onset.To date, related Sabin-like polioviruses have been...
Abstract Vaccination with Sabin, a live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), results in robust intestinal and humoral immunity has been key to controlling poliomyelitis. As any RNA virus, OPV evolves rapidly lose attenuating determinants critical the reacquisition of virulence 1–3 resulting vaccine-derived, virulent poliovirus variants. Circulation these variants within underimmunized populations leads further evolution circulating, vaccine-derived higher transmission capacity, representing...
In 1988, poliomyelitis (polio) was targeted for eradication.Global efforts have led to the eradication of two three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3), with only WPV type 1 (WPV1) remaining endemic, in Afghanistan Pakistan.This report describes global polio immunization, surveillance activities, epidemiology during January 2022-December 2023, using data current as April 10, 2024.In Pakistan identified 12 total WPV1 cases, compared 22 2022.WPV1 transmission detected through...
We replaced degenerate codons for nine amino acids within the capsid region of Sabin type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine strain with corresponding nonpreferred synonymous codons. Codon replacements were introduced into four contiguous intervals spanning 97% region. In most highly modified virus construct, effective number used (N(C)) fell from 56.2 to 29.8, CG dinucleotides rose 97 302, and G+C content increased 48.4% 56.4%. Replicative fitness in HeLa cells, measured by plaque areas yields...
ABSTRACT Replicative fitness of poliovirus can be modulated systematically by replacement preferred capsid region codons with synonymous unpreferred codons. To determine the key genetic contributors to reduction, we introduced different sets into coding an infectious clone derived from type 2 prototype strain MEF-1. in HeLa cells, measured plaque areas and virus yields single-step growth experiments, decreased sharply increased frequencies dinucleotides CpG (suppressed higher eukaryotes most...
ABSTRACT Since 2005, a large poliomyelitis outbreak associated with type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) has occurred in northern Nigeria, where immunization coverage trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV) been low. Phylogenetic analysis of P1/capsid region sequences isolates from each the 403 cases reported 2005 to 2011 resolved into 23 independent (VDPV2) emergences, at least 7 which established lineage groups. Virus one emergence (lineage group 2005-8; 361 isolates) was estimated...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 (1), number of polio cases worldwide has declined by >99.99%. Among three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes, only type 1 (WPV1) been detected since 2012. This decline is attributable primarily to use live, attenuated oral vaccine (OPV) national routine immunization schedules and mass vaccination campaigns. The success safety record OPV offset rare emergence genetically divergent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), whose...
Use of oral live-attenuated polio vaccines (OPV), and injected inactivated (IPV) has almost achieved global eradication wild viruses. To address the goals achieving maintaining minimising risk outbreaks vaccine-derived polioviruses, we tested novel monovalent type-2 poliovirus (OPV2) vaccine candidates that are genetically more stable than existing OPVs, with a lower reversion to neurovirulence. Our study represents first in-human testing these two OPV2 candidates. We aimed evaluate safety...
Wild poliovirus has remained endemic in northern Nigeria because of low coverage achieved the routine immunization program and supplementary activities (SIAs). An outbreak infection involving 315 cases type 2 circulating vaccine-derived (cVDPV2; >1% divergent from Sabin 2) occurred during July 2005-June 2010, a period when 23 34 SIAs used monovalent or bivalent oral vaccine (OPV) lacking 2. In addition, 21 "pre-VDPV2" (0.5%-1.0% divergent) this period. Both cVDPV pre-VDPV were clinically...
The live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) provides a powerful tool for controlling and stopping the transmission of wild polioviruses (WPVs), although risks vaccine‐associated paralytic polio (VAPP) circulating vaccine‐derived (cVDPV) outbreaks exist as long OPV remains in use. Understanding dynamics cVDPV emergence function population immunity other risk factors may help to improve management development strategies respond possible outbreaks. We performed comprehensive review...
Abstract Enormous progress has been made in global efforts to eradicate poliovirus, using live-attenuated Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). However, as the incidence of disease due wild declined, vaccine-derived (VDPV) emerged areas low-vaccine coverage. Coordinated cessation routine, type 2 OPV (OPV2) use not resulted fewer VDPV outbreaks, and continued outbreak-response campaigns seeded new emergences low-coverage areas. The limitations existing vaccines current eradication challenges...
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low poliovirus immunity and cause outbreaks* of paralytic polio (1-5). Among the three types wild poliovirus, type 2 was declared eradicated 2015 (1,2). The use trivalent oral vaccine (tOPV; 1, 2, 3 Sabin strains) ceased April 2016 via a 1-month-long, global synchronized switch to bivalent OPV (bOPV; 1 immunization activities (1-4). Monovalent (mOPV2; strain) is available for cVDPV (cVDPV2) outbreak response number...
Certification of global eradication indigenous wild poliovirus type 2 occurred in 2015 and 3 2019. Since the launch Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) 1988 broad use live, attenuated oral vaccine (OPV), number cases has declined >99.99% (1). Genetically divergent vaccine-derived poliovirus* (VDPV) strains can emerge during spread underimmunized populations, becoming circulating VDPV (cVDPV) strains, resulting outbreaks paralytic poliomyelitis.† In April 2016, all polio vaccination...
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, two of three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3) have been eradicated.* Transmission WPV type 1 (WPV1) remains uninterrupted only Afghanistan Pakistan. This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication during January 1, 2018-March 31, 2020 updates previous reports (1,2). In 2019, Pakistan reported highest number WPV1 cases (176) since 2014. During 1-March (as June 19), 54 were reported, an...
§ A VDPV is a strain related to the attenuated live poliovirus contained in OPV.VDPV2s are OPV virus strains that >0.6%divergent (or at least six nucleotide changes) from OPV2 complete VP1 genomic region.https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf ¶ The term PV2, referring all serotype 2 polioviruses, used throughout report indicate either confirmed VDPV2 or type Sabin-like genetically Rockland County patient.A one of Sabin...
In 1988, the World Health Assembly established Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). Since then, wild poliovirus (WPV) cases have decreased approximately 99.99%, and WPV types 2 3 been declared eradicated. Only Afghanistan Pakistan never interrupted type 1 (WPV1) transmission. This report describes global progress toward polio eradication during January 1, 2020-April 30, 2022, updates previous reports (1,2). activity was reviewed by CDC conducted consistent with applicable federal law...
Since the World Health Assembly established Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, two of three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3) have been eradicated, global WPV cases decreased by more than 99.9%. Afghanistan Pakistan remain only countries where indigenous type 1 (WPV1) transmission has not interrupted. This report summarizes progress toward polio eradication during January 1, 2021-March 31, 2023, updates previous reports (1,2). In 2022, reported 22 WPV1 cases,...
Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks* can occur when oral vaccine (OPV, containing one or more Sabin-strain serotypes 1, 2, and 3) strains undergo prolonged circulation in under-vaccinated populations, resulting genetically reverted neurovirulent virus (1,2). Following declaration of the eradication wild type 2 2015 global synchronized switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV, types to bivalent (bOPV, 1 3 only) for routine immunization activities† April 2016 (3), cVDPV (cVDPV2)...
Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and lead to outbreaks of paralytic polio as well asymptomatic transmission in communities with a high percentage undervaccinated children. Using data from the World Health Organization Polio Information System Global Laboratory Network, this report describes global due cVDPVs during January 2023-June 2024 updates previous reports. During reporting period, 74 cVDPV were detected 39 countries or areas (countries), predominantly...
A 44-year-old woman with long-standing common variable immunodeficiency who was receiving intravenous immune globulin suddenly had paralysis of all four limbs and the respiratory muscles, resulting in death. Type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus isolated from stool. The viral capsid protein VP1 region diverged vaccine strain at 12.3% nucleotide positions, two attenuating substitutions reverted to wild-type sequence. Infection probably occurred 11.9 years earlier (95% confidence interval [CI],...
Poliovirus vaccine coverage in Israel is over 90%. The last nine birth cohorts have been vaccinated exclusively with inactivated polio (IPV). However, between February and July 2013 type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) was detected persistently 10 intermittently 8 of 47 environmental surveillance sites southern central 30 stool samples collected during from healthy individuals Israel. We report results sequence phylogenetic analyses genes encoding capsid proteins to determine the source...