Abstract Background Pregnant women and newborns are at high risk for infectious diseases. Altered immunity status during pregnancy challenges fully vaccinating contribute to this medical reality. Maternal immunization is a strategy protect pregnant their newborns. This study aimed find out how patient-provider relationships affect maternal vaccine uptake, particularly in the context of lower middle- income country where limited research area exists. Methods We conducted semi-structured,...

One third of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and potential sequelae. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2-to eliminate against women, including IPV-compels states to monitor such violence. We conducted the first global measurement-invariance assessment standardised item sets for IPV.Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) from 36 Lower-/Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) administering 18 IPV items during 2012-2018 were included. Analyses performed separately two sets: lifetime...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that affects one in three women globally and similarly large number of Nepal. Although important policy programmatic steps have been taken to address against Nepal over the past decade, there still gap on IPV research Nepal, particularly with regard social norms. This mixed-methods study used in-depth interviews their husbands as well baseline survey data from cluster randomized trial testing primary prevention intervention...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 1 in 3 women worldwide. Research low- and middle-income countries suggests that multicomponent interventions incorporating media, group work, community mobilization may be effective at changing social norms enable such violence. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of a radio programme plus engagement versus programming alone on 12-month prevalence IPV. Using cluster randomized, repeat cross-sectional, single-blinded approach, thirty-six village...

Social norms surrounding sex and relationships remain gendered among young people in Vietnam, with men maintaining a privileged role heterosexual relationships. This analysis explored how university students Vietnam perceived prevailing gender norms, these influenced men's understanding of sexual consent dating drew primarily on in-depth interviews secondarily from women attending two universities Hanoi 2018. Thematic the revealed broader narrative about shape behaviour beliefs consent....

To examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among married couples in Nepal as well relationships ACEs, IPV (psychological, sexual, physical), psychological distress. The sample comprised control group (N = 720) a cluster randomized intervention trial women Nepal. Interviewers assessed IPV, quality life, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms participants. Times 2 3 were conducted 12 28 months after baseline, respectively. At 24% reported...

Background: Women in couples experiencing infertility are at heightened risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) from husbands and domestic (DV) family. Couples Jordan, a patriarchal culture with high rates of IPV DV, particularly vulnerable. This article explores the gendered similarities differences experiences mental health, social support, exclusion, IPV. Objectives: The objectives this study to understand both men women’s perspectives on their develop intervention strategies reduce...

Sexual violence against women is prevalent worldwide. Prevention programs that treat men as allies and integrate a bystander framework are emerging in lower income settings, but evidence of their effectiveness conflicting.This study aimed to test the impact GlobalConsent on sexually violent behavior prosocial among university Vietnam.We used double-blind, parallel intervention versus control group design with 1:1 randomization at 2 universities. A total 793 consenting heterosexual or...

Background The persistence and impacts of violence against women motivated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2 to end such violence. Global psychometric assessment cross-country, cross-time invariance items measuring intimate partner (IPV) is needed confirm their utility for comparing monitoring national trends. Methods Analyses seven physical-IPV included 377,500 ever-partnered across 20 countries (44 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS)). five controlling-behaviors 371,846 19 (42 DHS). We...

Secondary structures are critical regulators of protein structure and function. Switchable peptides that can adopt multiple defined conformations in response to stimuli attractive model systems for the study folding misfolding. A peptide is presented be reversibly reconfigured between an α-helical monomer a β-sheet aggregate upon one-electron oxidation reduction presence CuI/CuII.

Sexual violence is a persistent, underreported threat to the well-being of women and girls worldwide. In Vietnam, as elsewhere, myths misconceptions around rape other forms sexual present major barrier reporting prevention. Based on qualitative research from parent study aimed at reducing perpetration universities in we sought characterize commonly held among university students that may contribute justification such behaviors. Our analysis drew focus group discussions with men ( n = 69)...

Abstract Background Sexual violence—any sexual act committed against a person without freely given consent—disproportionately affects women. Women’s first experiences of violence often occur in adolescence. In Asia and the Pacific, 14% sexually experienced adolescent girls report forced debut. Early prevention with men that integrates bystander framework is one way to address attitudes behavior while reducing potential resistance participation. Methods This paper describes study protocol...

Sexual violence remains a global problem that disproportionately affects women. Though sexual interventions exist, few have been implemented in low- or middle-income countries, and none Vietnam for young men. We adapted prevention intervention (RealConsent) developed college men the U.S. conducted randomized controlled trial of (GlobalConsent) with Vietnam. assessed effects GlobalConsent on sexually violent behavior prosocial bystander behavior, directly through theoretically targeted...

Sexual violence by young men against women is common, but efficacious primary prevention interventions tailored to are limited in low- and middle-income settings like Vietnam. GlobalConsent, a web-based sexual intervention university Hanoi, efficacious. Implementation research needed understand facilitators barriers scaling GlobalConsent programs generally. We conducted qualitative with key informants from three youth-focused organizational the context of implementation

Girl child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) persists in South Asia, with long-term effects on well-being. CARE's Tipping Point Initiative (TPI) sought to address the gender norms inequalities underlying CEFM by engaging participant groups programmatic topics supporting community dialogue build girls' agency, shift power relations, change norms. We assessed impacts of CARE TPI multifaceted agency risk Nepal.

Approximately 54% of women in rural Nepal report lifetime physical or sexual violence. The Change Starts at Home project is a primary prevention strategy to reduce and prevent marital intimate partner violence (IPV). This study analyzed in-depth interviews with 17 married couples ( n = 34 individuals) intervention midline end line. Case-based analysis thematic summaries were used assess change, couple concordance, gendered reporting patterns midline. Individual changes included husband’s...

Abstract Background Maternal immunization is a key strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in mothers their newborns. Recent developments the science safety of maternal vaccinations have made possible development new vaccines ready introduction low- middle-income countries. Decisions at policy level remain entry point programs. We describe decision-making process Kenya vaccines, particular emphasis on identify opportunities to improve vaccine...

Background Bullying is an understudied global social problem. While school-level factors are a recognized influence on bullying victimization, the elements of ‘girl-friendly’ school that may reduce risk victimization among girls and prevent dropout in lower- middle-income countries (LMICs). This study used baseline data from evaluation Room-to-Read (RtR) Girls’ Education Program (GEP) Nepal to assess relationship conceptually grounded gender-equitable (GES) index with girls’ direct...

Abstract Social and economic changes in Vietnam since the restructuring of 1980s have caused a shift norms about premarital sex. While expectations female chastity remain, sex before marriage is becoming more common among young people. As formative phase parent randomized controlled trial, present study examined normative context dating relationships from perspectives women men Vietnam. Men (n = 12) 9) studying at two universities Hanoi participated semi-structured interviews that explored...

According to recent data, in Nepal, 38.2% of women aged 20-24 years are married by the age 18. This analysis CARE's Tipping Point Initiative seeks compare Nepali adolescent boys' and girls' perceptions empirical normative expectations around child, early forced marriage. A baseline survey 1,134 girls 1,154 boys provided 11 items for descriptive quantitative analysis. Thirty in-depth interviews 16 focus groups were conducted with young people 12-16 analysed using modified Grounded Theory....

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is highly prevalent throughout the world. Only a small fraction of survivors seek help from security and justice providers (S&J) such as police or courts, due in part to social norms that discourage help-seeking. Social interventions have proven effective combatting GBV but not been tested alongside S&J interventions. The Strengthening Access Holistic, Gender Responsive, Accountable Justice Nepal (SAHAJ) project was designed fill this gap. We...

Growing access to technology and media has presented new avenues of influence on youth attitudes norms regarding sexuality sexual violence, as well technological pathways through which perpetrate violence. The aim this research was understand contextual influences needs for scale-up violence prevention programming in the media-violence context Vietnam. We conducted 45 interviews with high school teachers (n = 15), university lecturers affiliates from youth-focused community service...

In lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs), studies of interventions to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration are expanding yet measurement equivalence the construct has not been established. We assessed physical and sexual IPV used in recent trials LMICs tested impact non-invariance on trial inference. With data from three intervention among men (sample size 505-1537 across studies), we calculated tetrachoric correlations items multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis...

<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background</ns3:bold><ns3:italic>. </ns3:italic>Expansion of maternal immunization, which offers some the most effective protection against morbidity and mortality in pregnant women neonates, requires broad acceptance by healthcare providers their patients. We aimed to describe issues surrounding demand creation for vaccines Kenya from a provider perspective.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods</ns3:bold><ns3:italic>.</ns3:italic> Nurses clinical officers were recruited...