Léonard Santos

ORCID: 0000-0003-2615-7279
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About
Contact & Profiles
Research Areas
  • Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
  • Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
  • Flood Risk Assessment and Management
  • Hydrology and Drought Analysis
  • Cryospheric studies and observations
  • Water resources management and optimization
  • French Urban and Social Studies
  • Soil erosion and sediment transport
  • Groundwater flow and contamination studies
  • Computational Physics and Python Applications
  • Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
  • demographic modeling and climate adaptation
  • Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
  • Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
  • Delphi Technique in Research
  • Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
  • Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
  • Geographic Information Systems Studies
  • Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
  • Irrigation Practices and Water Management
  • Numerical methods for differential equations
  • Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
  • Agriculture and Rural Development Research
  • Hydraulic flow and structures
  • Climate Change Communication and Perception

Électricité de France (France)
2025

Université Paris-Saclay
2021-2024

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
2021-2024

AgroParisTech
2023

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
2020-2022

Abstract. Log-transformed discharge is often used to calculate performance criteria better focus on low flows. This prior transformation limits the heteroscedasticity of model residuals and was largely applied in based squared residuals, like Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). In recent years, NSE has been shown have mathematical limitations Kling–Gupta (KGE) proposed as an alternative provide more balance between expected qualities a (namely representing water balance, flow variability...

10.5194/hess-22-4583-2018 article EN cc-by Hydrology and earth system sciences 2018-08-30

Abstract. In many conceptual rainfall–runoff models, the water balance differential equations are not explicitly formulated. These solved sequentially by splitting into terms that can be analytically with a technique called “operator splitting”. As result, only solutions of split used to present different models. This article provides methodology make governing bucket-type model explicit and solve them continuously. is done setting up comprehensive state-space representation model. By...

10.5194/gmd-11-1591-2018 article EN cc-by Geoscientific model development 2018-04-19

This paper presents an evaluation of the parameter sensitivity a process-based model at global scale using large-sample data. The analysis was carried out HYdrological Prediction Environment (HYPE) model, for which soil and snow parameters were evaluated 187 river flow gauges spread worldwide. As result, 6 12 7 10 found to be sensitive. Taking advantage dataset, additional used investigate links between catchment characteristics sensitivity. Different patterns observed different Köppen...

10.1080/02626667.2022.2035388 article EN cc-by Hydrological Sciences Journal 2022-01-28

Abstract. The transferability of hydrological models over contrasting climate conditions, also identified as model robustness, has been the subject much research in recent decades. occasional lack robustness such is not only an operational challenge – since it affects confidence that can be placed projections change impact hints at possible deficiencies structures these models. This paper presents a large-scale application assessment test (RAT) for three with different levels complexity:...

10.5194/hess-29-683-2025 article EN cc-by Hydrology and earth system sciences 2025-02-05

Emotional relationships with social chatbots might have become possible due to recent technical breakthroughs. However, the literature shows contradictory findings between group-level laboratory studies and participant-level ecological investigations. We argue that dynamic complex nature of friendship is hardly described by classic analyses require a complex-systems approach. Therefore, we conducted N = 11 case studies, which three are presented here. With self-made GPT-4-Turbo-based chatbot...

10.31234/osf.io/9cqgz_v1 preprint EN 2025-02-28

The next generation of climate services needs not only tailoring to specific user but provide, in addition, access key information a usable way that satisfies the different users’ profiles; especially web-based services. Here, we present outcomes from developing such new interactive prototype. service provides data for robust analysis underpin decision-making when planning measures compensate impact. goal is facilitate communication on between modelling communities and adaptation or...

10.3390/atmos12010121 article EN cc-by Atmosphere 2021-01-16

Abstract. The calibration of hydrological models through the use automatic algorithms aims at identifying parameter sets that minimize deviation simulations from observations (often streamflows). It is a widespread technique has been subject much research in past. Indeed, choice objective function (i.e. criterion or combination criteria to optimize) can significantly impact set values identified as optimal by algorithm. Besides, actual goal model application (flood low-flow estimation, for...

10.5194/egusphere-2023-775 preprint EN cc-by 2023-05-05

Abstract. Prior to their use under future changing climate conditions, all hydrological models should be thoroughly evaluated regarding temporal transferability (application in different time periods) and extrapolation capacity beyond the range of known past conditions). This note presents a straightforward evaluation framework aimed at detecting potential undesirable dependencies models: robustness assessment test (RAT). Although it is conceptually inspired by classic differential...

10.5194/hess-25-5013-2021 article EN cc-by Hydrology and earth system sciences 2021-09-17

<p>Flooding is a rapidly growing concern in West Africa. Several floods have occurred recent years with severe consequences including loss of lives and damaged infrastructure. Flooding also projected to increase climate change. Access operational forecasts critical component addressing these challenges. This study presents results from our joint efforts co-design, co-adapt, co-operate short- medium-term hydrological forecasting alert pilot system for Africa, within the FANFAR...

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7660 article EN 2020-03-09

Abstract. In many conceptual rainfall-runoff models, the water balance differential equations are not explicitly formulated. These solved sequentially by splitting into terms that can be analytically with a technique called "operator splitting". As result, only resolutions of split used to present different models. This article provides methodology make governing bucket-type model explicit. is done setting up comprehensive state-space representation model. By representing it in this way,...

10.5194/gmd-2017-264 article EN cc-by 2017-12-05

Abstract. The transferability of hydrological models over contrasted climate conditions, also identified as model robustness, has been the subject much research in last decades. occasional lack robustness such is not only an operational challenge – since it affects confidence that can be placed projections change impact but hints at possible deficiencies structure these models. This paper presents a large-scale application assessment test (RAT) for three with different levels complexity:...

10.5194/hess-2024-80 preprint EN cc-by 2024-05-21

Abstract. The calibration of hydrological models through the use automatic algorithms aims at identifying parameter sets that minimize deviation simulations from observations (often streamflows). Further, choice objective function (i.e. criterion or combination criteria for optimization) can significantly impact set values identified as optimal by algorithm. This article discusses how mathematical transformations, which are sometimes applied to target variable before calculating function,...

10.5194/hess-28-4837-2024 article EN cc-by Hydrology and earth system sciences 2024-11-07

Human activities perturb the large-scale water cycle by withdrawing large amounts of freshwater for agriculture, manufacturing, energy production and drinking supply, operating dams/reservoirs. The risk that human demand exceeds availability widely threatens security ecosystem health, in particular face climate change. Therefore, national-scale hydrological models need to integrate representations anticipate address scarcity support design adaptation strategies beyond local scale. However,...

10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16079 preprint EN 2024-03-09

Abstract. Log-transformed discharge is often used to calculate performance criteria better focus on low flows. This prior transformation limits the heteroscedasticity of model residuals and was largely applied in based squared residuals, like Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). In recent years, NSE has been shown have mathematical limitations Kling-Gupta (KGE) proposed as an alternative provide more balance between expected qualities a (namely representing water balance, flow variability...

10.5194/hess-2018-298 preprint EN cc-by 2018-06-08

<p>The release of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)’s Re-Analysis 5 (ERA-5) global climate forcing dataset is expected to greatly improve quality hydrological modeling. Following this there great interest in assessing improvements ERA-5 relative its predecessor ERA-Interim modeling and predictions.</p><p>In study we compare streamflow predictions when using ERA-interim vs as data a suite models from...

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10219 article EN 2020-03-09

<p>The next generation of climate services needs not only tailoring to specific user but also provide access key information in a usable way that satisfies the different users’ profiles. This holds especially for web-based services. Here, we present outcomes from developing such new interactive prototype, known as Climate Information (https://climateinformation.org/). The service provides data robust analysis underpin decision-making when planning measures...

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11031 article EN 2021-03-04

Abstract. In this note, we present RAT, a new method to assess the robustness of hydrological models. RAT can be seen as an alternative classical split-sample test widely used in hydrology. And because does not require multiple calibrations, suggest that it applied even uncalibrated The determine whether model is "safe" for being climate change impact studies.

10.5194/hess-2021-147 preprint EN cc-by 2021-03-29
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