This paper provides a comprehensive investigation into the selection of different sources finance for both short-term and long-term projects by SMEs, utilizing cross-country data from World Bank. The results highlight crucial roles played financial development legal system in countries where SMEs operate. Specifically, with better developed systems, are more likely to use formal external (e.g., bank non-bank institutions) meet their short term long financing needs, highlighting importance...

Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted tremendous interest due to strong excitonic effects and large optical nonlinearities. Taking the advantages, 3D HOIPs show great potential for applications in nonlinear devices. However, understanding relevant mechanisms of exciton-associated phenomena is still challenging. Here, we apply quantum perturbation theory calculate degenerate 2PA spectra HOIPs. The calculated twelve are predicted exhibit resonance...

Quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), a subclass of low-dimensional materials, have attracted significant attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties, making them promising candidates for nonlinear photonics. In this work, NbTe4, quasi-1D tetrachalcogenide, was synthesized employed the first time as broadband saturable absorber (SA) pulsed laser applications. The (NLO) properties NbTe4 were systematically characterized at 1.0 μm, 2.0 3.0...

Purpose This study focuses on an emerging market, China, and investigates the effects of corporate research development (R&D) spending subsidies stock market reactions to seasoned equity offering (SEO) announcements. Design/methodology/approach The uses a sample SEOs announced over period 2003–2018 in Chinese A-share market. cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) are adopted measure response SEOs. R&D spending-to-sales ratio (R&D subsidies) 2 years before SEO announcements is used...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether and how internal capital markets mitigate financial constraints enhance firms' willingness engage in R&D projects. Design/methodology/approach uses panel data relating 2,095 publicly traded firms the Chinese A-share market for period 2007–2019. tobit regression method applied explore investment–cash flow sensitivity group affiliates, while systematic generalised moments dynamic ordinary least squares models are adopted address...

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Abstract In this study, the author explores effect of industry competition on public R&D subsidy effectiveness. He finds a non-linear threshold Specifically, effectiveness reaches its peak when lies between two estimated thresholds.

This study investigates the effect of short sales on firms' use trade credit. Using a sample 3262 Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2019, analysis results show that both deregulation and magnitude negatively affect The transmission mechanism indicates access formal financing decreases after deregulation, which mitigates firms’ ability redistribute through Moreover, suggest shortable tend adopt moderate credit policy adjust their target level at lower rate than non-shortable firms. reveals...

Abstract It has been well documented that cross‐listing can improve firms' governance quality and reduce equity financing costs, which are crucial for innovation activities. In this paper, we investigate the effect of on Hong Kong (HK) market performance Chinese mainland firms. We find both outputs qualities increase significantly when firms list their shares HK market. Concerning channels through encourages innovation, demonstrate cross‐listed raise low‐cost funds in market, facilitates...

Abstract Forecasting of demand for water in advance is critical supply planning. The paper made consumption analysis by industry China. With multiple regression analysis, time series and expert experience methods, the China 2021 was forecasted. results show that total 2020 will be about 598.06 billion cubic meters, slightly less than 2020. Among them, agricultural would account 61.1%, industrial 19.6%. For domestic environmental demand, proportion 15.1% 4.2% respectively.

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Introduction. Considering the overwhelming amount of scientific information available on academic social networking sites, purpose this paper is to explore how users perceive and judge quality. Method. Drawing upon dual-process model, we theorised that results perception depend influence both content cues context-related cues. Analysis. We conducted two controlled experiments verify our hypotheses. Results. Our findings indicated that, (1) higher levels quality can be perceived with high...

We explore the impact of acquiring and acquired firms’ R&D expenditure on market reaction to M&As. Using a sample 9 739 Chinese M&A deals announced between 2009 2017, we find that firms spending more react negatively M&As, while with high positively further discuss reactions when pay an offer premium, premium leads M&As but results in negative firms. Our hold after conduct robustness tests.