The effect of plasma irradiation is studied systematically on a 4H polytype (002) oriented ${\rm CdI_2}$ stoichiometric film having compressive residual stress. Plasma was found to change the orientation (110) at certain moderate distances. A linear decrease in grain size and stress observed with decreasing distance (or increasing ion energy) consistent both structural morphological observations. direct optical energy gap E_g}$ increase linearly rate 15\mu eV/atm}$ combined data present from...

A simple approximation formula is derived here for the dependence of period a pendulum on amplitude that only requires pocket calculator and furnishes an error less than 0.25% with respect to exact period. It shown this describes increase better other formulas found in literature. good agreement experimental data low air-resistance also verified it suggests, together current availability/precision timers detectors, proposed useful extending experiment beyond usual small-angle oscillations.

We have studied the degradation mechanism in P3HT:PCBM based bulk heterojunction solar cells by developing structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al comprising of different acceptor materials namely PC60BM and PC70BM. Both devices have...

A highly active and stable SO42–/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was developed, the catalytic activity evaluated for esterification of glycerol. The reactions were performed in a batch reactor under reflux conditions. influence reaction conditions, such as temperature, amount, acetic acid/glycerol mole ratio, on product distribution investigated. results demonstrated that 2 M very showed 100% glycerol conversion with 77.4% selectivity higher esters [glycerol diacetate (DAG) + triacetate (TAG)] at 95 °C,...

Tin sulphide (SnS) thin films have been recognized as a potential candidate for solar cells. Many fabrication techniques used to grow SnS films. The band-gap, Eg of reported in literature, were found vary from 1.2–2.5 eV depending on the film technique. present work reports structural, compositional, morphological and optical characterization fabricated by thermal evaporation at room temperature. Results show that given technique/condition, band-gap functionally depends lattice parameter...

The amorphous-to-crystalline phase change induced by a continuous-wave laser was investigated systematically in the case of as-grown amorphous films , and results were compared. photo-thermal process is found to be responsible for all three compounds. minimum threshold power required induce optical contrast at an irradiated site depend on film thickness; however, density order films. All exhibited good potential use as WORM kind storage devices, having power. non-stoichiometric reversible storage.

The Sb2S3 films subjected to instantaneous heat treatment at various temperatures in air for a short duration of few seconds show systematic phase modification from an amorphous crystalline state. Structural and morphological analyses transformation around 162 °C consistent with the DTA result. compositional analysis (ESCA) shows increasing loss sulphur content film as function temperatures. optical properties reveal changing constants energy gap observed degree contrast heat-treatment...

Tin Sulphide is a layered compound which retains its structure when deposited as thin films by thermal evaporation. The were found to have oriented growth with the direction of orientation changing film thickness. film's morphology was change orientation. poor conductivity thicker samples made it difficult make photocunductivity characterisation. However, unlike reported thinner showed photo-sensitivity be independent thickness and grain size high persistent photocurrent. With their...

We describe a 8085 microprocessor interface developed to make reliable time period measurements.The of each oscillation simple pendulum was measured using this interface.The variation the with increasing studied for harmonic motion (SHM) and large angle initial displacements (non-SHM).The results underlines importance precautions which students are asked take while performing experiment.

Cesium bromide (CsBr) films grown on glass substrates by thermal evaporation showed prominent absorption peaks in the UV-visible region. Interestingly, these spectra which red shifted over time ambient exposure. Structural and morphological studies suggested decrease particle size overtime was unusual. Electron micrographs show formation of “daughter” cesium nanorods from parent CsBr particles. Theoretical calculations optical behavior observed to be due localized surface plasmon resonance...

Surface activation of polyethylene (PE) samples has been carried out using low pressure plasmas (at two different operating frequencies, namely, 40 kHz and 13·56 MHz) dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) (50 Hz frequency at atmospheric pressure), the results are compared. The surface PE exposed to these for various time durations ranging from 1 30 min. treated have also studied their aging behaviour by exposing them ambient atmosphere up 7 days. plasma induced morphological changes were an...