A major theoretical objection against employee share ownership is that workers are exposed to excessive financial risk. Theory posits 10 15% of a typical worker’s wealth portfolio can be prudently invested in employer stock. The authors analyze US family portfolios using the 2004 2016 Survey Consumer Finances. Overall, 15.3% families with private-sector employees held stock 2016, and one six these exceeded threshold. Employee appears generally add to, rather than substitute for, both pension...

Abstract Research linking broad‐based employee stock ownership (BESO) with firm performance continues to receive considerable attention both in and outside the field of management. Despite evidence being generally positive regarding BESO–firm relationship, there has been a relative dearth research providing insights into circumstances surrounding effectiveness BESO. With this gap mind, we formulated launched special issue. This guest editor introduction begins look at on topic, followed by...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand how majority employee-owned firms responded the pandemic compared that were not employee-owned. Employee Ownership Foundation partnered with Rutgers University and SSRS survey firm ESOP non-ESOP about their responses COVID-19 pandemic. A key was estimate firm-level changes in employment from mid-January August (current figures adjusted 5 using BLS industry trends). also looked at other forms adjustment as reviewed below. focus on differences...

The State of ESOPs: what's past is Prologue [1] major version majority to 100 percent employee ownership in the US Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP).Briefly, ESOPs are retirement plans under Retirement Income Security Act 1974.These allow companies set up trusts that can use credit borrow money buy company's stock on behalf workers, typically without workers paying for shares themselves from wages or savings.To be clear, employees who build company and create its profit do earn share...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: What happens outcomes pay dispersion when employees own stock in their company? Design/methodology/approach data set consisted over 20,000 employee surveys. Pay was measured with Gini coefficient. outcome variables were attitudes and behaviors numerous controls. moderation effect ownership investigated at individual group level using multilevel regression analysis. Findings Most hypothesized did not yield statistically significant...

A major theoretical objection against employee ownership is that workers become inadequately diversified and exposed to excessive financial risk. Recent theory concludes 10-15% of a worker's wealth portfolio can be prudently invested in employer stock provided the rest properly diversified. This paper analyzes share U.S. family portfolios using data from 2004-2016 Survey Consumer Finances.We find 15.3% families with private-sector employees had their portfolio, median value $6,000 percent...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine which forms compensation are more efficient at affecting employee attitudes, thus extending efficiency wage theory from wage-based profit sharing and stock-based compensation. Design/methodology/approach Three models were tested: shirking, turnover gift exchange. effects those three modes (wages, stock) contrasted for the theory. Findings findings that raising wages most form in shirking models, while exchange model may function like wages....

This study aims to explore digital mobility in the tourism metaverse through dual factors of information entropy and media functionality moderated by structural differentiation, including China's institutional governance systems. The research model was constructed influential determine systems using quantitative data analysis methods. Results showed that negatively influenced mobility. However, could be harnessed reduce thus enhance Structural differentiation had significant moderation...

Pay dispersion within workplaces has been linked to a range of employee attitudes and behaviors, thus diverse individual group outcomes. The outcomes pay are highly contingent: the contingency explored in this study is stock ownership, which both form compensation broad profit-sharing future capital gains firm. Employee ownership was considered as moderator because its support for cooperative may enhance motivational aspects higher while countering feelings inequity that foster. Interactions...