Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is currently one of the most widely and demanding telecommunication applications in world. Researchers have reported that radiation from base stations may be dangerous to public health some human diseases are related RF fleld exposure. Considering past almost all EM assessments were focused on Maximum transmission power station, no statistical analyses been performed transmitted power's variation with tra-c. An accurate method predicting...

In principle, the rules of links formation a network model can be considered as kind link prediction algorithm. By revisiting preferential attachment mechanism for generating scale-free network, here we propose class indices which are different from previous one. Traditionally, index is defined by product related nodes degrees, while new will define similarity score pair either maximum in two degrees or summarization their degrees. Extensive experiments carried out on fourteen real-world...

Duty cycle is a key factor for analyzing exposure to the electromagnetic field from wireless local area network (WLAN). In this letter, we provide an analytical method calculating duty of WLAN in busy period. It relates medium access control (MAC) mode, durations frames, and random back-off time. We investigate rate change rules frames. These are also crucial parameter setting instrument measurement. propose calculation time common scenario, where retransmission always occurs due collisions...

With the rapid growth of network scale, maintained link state information one individual node will be too large, which brings serious burden to bandwidth and signaling processing. So networks need divided into multi-layer multi-domain networks, each only has topology routing domain where it belongs. Therefore wavelength assignment algorithm for whole no longer applied. The hierarchical intelligent optical is introduced firstly in this paper. Then an improved ant colony developed simulated...

The new technologies of virtual concatenation, the link capacity adjustment scheme and generic framing protocol make SDH/SONET survivable in next-generation transport networks. However, based on synchronous time-division multiplexing, only creates a private point-to-point path for particular user that cannot be shared by other users when is idle state. Therefore it results bandwidth inefficiency accommodating bursty services. A called ‘channel statistical multiplexing’ proposed. It simple...

This paper presents a novel testbed for multi-granularity optical switching network. All the related hardware and protocols are realized. The functions of verified via experiment numerical simulation.

The antenna pattern representing the gain variation in space is a crucial factor for prediction of exposure to electric field emitted from antennas base stations. In this communication, we propose an effective approach fit by using wavelets, which can conduct certain transformation models, match gradual change real with respect distance. We study choices wavelet families and support width, investigate performances model at different scales. also compare traditional fitting functions (the...

To study the multipactor effect on surface of a circular waveguide window excited by TE11 mode, effects radius window, frequency, and style polarization electromagnetic field reflection coefficient incident wave are examined in this paper using Monte Carlo algorithm theoretical analysis. The results show that character is dominated longitudinal velocity secondary electrons, which directly proportional to square their oscillatory inversely phase RF field. Either increasing disk or decreasing...

In this paper, we propose a mobility model for opportunistic networks in commercial area (MMCA). The is divided into two parts: internal and external areas. We modified the traditional susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) predicting performance of message forwarding MMCA. Using environment (ONE) simulation platform, validated SIR by comparing theoretical results modelled data from ONE. further analyse performances MMCA with number nodes, walking speeds, communication ranges size

The characteristics of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor(DHBT) depend closely on the type band alignment structure at hetero-interface between emitter-base(E-B) and base-collector(B-C) heterojunction. Based thermionic-field-diffusion model, comparisons are made DC RF two novel HBTs, that is, InAlAs/GaSbAs/InP DHBT InP/GaSbAs/InP DHBT, which former has type-I E-B junction type-II B-C later junction. simulation results show with much better current driving capability, gain...

The new techniques, link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) and virtual concatenation not only make SDH/SONET networks accommodate the data service efficiently, but also provide a high-layer protection for client services, under which no spare needs to be reserved transmission continues unless all concatenated links have failed. In this paper, we analyse performance of kind in ring topology mesh respectively. results show that time-to-transmission halt first time exceeding 1 year can reach...

In this paper, we propose a mobility model for opportunistic networks in commercial area (MMCA). The is divided into two parts: internal and external areas. We modified the traditional susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) predicting performance of message forwarding MMCA. Using environment (ONE) simulation platform, validated SIR by comparing theoretical results modelled data from ONE. further analyse performances MMCA with number nodes, walking speeds, communication ranges size

Currently Metropolitan Area Optical Networks are still based on SDH/SONET technologies. The disadvantages of such a rigid rate hierarchy, especially when data applications as Ethernet considered, were soon realized. At the same time fast, link setup and release, dynamic increase decrease bandwidth will be scene future network. In order to meet new requirements, network combine with ASON/GMPLS, which is just protocol provide basic function topology resource discovery fast connection provision...

In this paper, for the first time, we analyze optical exclusive OR (XOR) gate based on cross-polarization modulation (XPolM) effect in semiconductor amplifier (SOA) using nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) theory. The extinction ratio (ER) of XOR gate, which reflects performance is calculated consideration injected current, length and angle input signals SOA. can be optimized some proper parameters

Multi-Granularity optical switching technology has only recently attracted attention from the networking industry for its practical importance in reducing port count, associated control complexity, and cost of cross-connects (OXC). In this paper, advantage MG-OXC comparing to ordinary OXC is introduced Optical Switching test-bed based on ASON (Automatically Network) presented. This composed three different plants, namely transport plane, plane management plane. We have analyzed architecture...

An effective method for assessment of exposure to the electric field wireless signals from mobile communication systems is still lack, since transmission related traffic and level varies with load. In this paper we study allocation mechanism time slots in systems, analyze probability number simultaneously occupied slots. Based on queuing theory, duty cycle signal can be calculated by We establish theoretical relationship between The a certain period directly extrapolated cycle, maximum...

The electromagnetic exposure from mobile phones has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, we established four kinds phone simulation models according to different antennas and shells. These also include components protective glass, conductive screen back plate, battery, PCB dielectric slab. We studied effect shell material on specific absorption rate (SAR) energy deposition in body, such as plastic metal compared levels with planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) monopole...