Stimulation of sensitized lymphocytes by specific antigen in vitro leads to the production migration inhibition factor (MIF). In case pure soluble protein, or hapten-protein antigens used present studies, this MIF was a property T cell suspensions. When PPD used, B cells, as well produced MIF. Similarly, could stimulate cells mediate macrophage disappearance reaction, reaction which is known be cell-dependent vivo manifestation cell-mediated immunity. Suspensions from nonimmune donors also...

Abstract The determination of the equilibrium constant antibody-hapten interactions has led to important insights into specificity and structure antibodies (1) nature control immune response (2). techniques presently used for measuring this all have certain disadvantages. Equilibrium dialysis (3), which must be regarded as primary method, is relatively tedious perform whereas other techniques, such fluorescence quenching (4), require use purified antibody expensive equipment. We now report...

The abnormal lymphocytes from patients with the Sezary syndrome produce macrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIF) both in vitro and vivo. Five of six individuals studied had significant serum MIF activity one borderline activity. In contrast, this study 47 normal 9 10 extensive skin disease other than that no such Since neoplastic T cells localize skin, their production chemical mediators site may be responsible for generalized exfoliative erythroderma seen disease.

Macrophage migration-inhibitory activity can be detected in the serums of majority patients with lymphoproliferative disease, but less than 3 per cent controls. This was found 14 16 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 10 13 Hodgkin's and four five chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, two three multiple myeloma had low detectable serum activity. The presence such substances these did not seem to related any clinical or laboratory measurements available, possible exception duration disease. No...

ABSTRACT Tetherin, also known as BST-2/CD317/HM1.24, is an antiviral cellular protein that inhibits the release of HIV-1 particles from infected cells. viral U (Vpu) a specific antagonist human tetherin might contribute to high virulence HIV-1. In this study, we show three amino acid residues (I34, L37, and L41) in transmembrane (TM) domain are critical for interaction with Vpu by using live cell-based assay. We found conservation additional at position 45 two downstream 22, which absent...

Abstract The i.v. injection of migration inhibition factor- (MIF)containing supernatants from cultures sensitized lymphocytes incubated with specific antigen results in a marked reduction the number monocytes peripheral blood recipient guinea pigs. This treatment also suppression delayed-type skin reactions to unrelated antigens such recipients. When actively immunized pigs were studied, it was found that detectable macrophage inhibitory activity appeared their sera shortly after challenge...

Since the promoter for transcribing HIV-1 RNA is unique, all viral elements including genomic and proteins have to be generated by unique transcripts through ingenious mechanisms splicing frameshifting during protein translation. Previous studies suggested a new mechanism diversification of functions heterogeneous transcriptional initiation site usage; RNAs whose transcription initiates from certain nucleotide were predominant in virus particles. In this study, we established two methods...

It has been reported that src family protein-tyrosine kinases were expressed specifically in a certain lineage or differentiation stage of hematopoietic cells. To understand the molecular basis for and function monocyte/macrophage, we investigated expressions genes by HL-60 cells stimulated with differentiation-inducing agents. TPA vitamin D3 (D3) used as stimulants monocytic development, since each agent known to induce phenotypically specific The fyn, fgr, lyn characteristically...

We have discovered that an N‐terminal deletion mutant of a membrane protein, CD63, (CD63ΔN) blocks entry CXCR4‐using, T‐cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (X4 HIV‐1) by suppressing CXCR4 surface expression. This suppression was observed for but not CD4, CCR5, CD25, CD71 or other tetraspanin proteins. The expression on the plasma appeared to be caused mislocalization and exclusive transportation toward intracellular organelles, mainly late endosomes/lysosomes. Our data suggest...

Abstract In the present series of experiments we examined ability eight continuous cell lines derived from human lymphocytes to release lymphokines into their culture media. We have demonstrated that all could produce a macrophage migration inhibitory factor and neutrophil chemotactic factor. This was independent B or T origin lines. As further extension previous reports, report effect does not seem be due cytotoxic effects as judged by trypan blue exclusion studies, more important...

Abstract In this study, we first demonstrate that endogenous hBST-2 is predominantly expressed on the plasma membrane of a human T cell line, MT-4 cells, and Vpu-deficient HIV-1 was less efficiently released than wild-type from cells. addition, surface rapidly down-regulated in but not HIV-1-infected This direct insight showing provirus-encoded Vpu has potential to down-regulate Corresponding previous reports, aforementioned findings suggested suppress release HIV-1. However, molecular...

Rabbit antiserum to lymphokine-containing supernatant fluids has been prepared by means of a two-stage immunization procedure. Migration inhibiting factor (MIF)-containing and control supernatants were obtained from guinea pig lymphocyte cultures. Both fractionated on Sephadex G-100. Fractions corresponding active fractions the MIF-rich material used immunize rabbits. The anti-"control" antibody so was conjugated agarose beads prepare an immunoadsorbent column. passed through this column...

Protection against infection with intracellular pathogens operates in two stages, early innate resistance and late acquired protective immunity (API), inbred mouse strains. Although both C57BL/10 (B10) BALB/c mice bear the susceptible phenotype of resistance, Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG) vaccination generated efficient API B10 but not mice. Employing a specific nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, we revealed that NO production plays pivotal role Consistent this, expressions inducible...

Abstract In contrast to previous reports, L-rhamnose as well L-fucose is capable of inhibiting guinea pig migration inhibition factor (MIF) activity. These sugars also inhibit the activity macrophage chemotactic and neutrophil factors. Thus, fucose not a specific inhibitor MIF, nor its confined that lymphokine. Preincubation or with lymphokines was required for This finding, results dose-response experiments, suggest mechanism similar MIF by monosaccharides; i.e., possess receptor sites...

Abstract Stimulation of murine lymphocytes with antigen or mitogen in vitro can lead to the production macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF). In this study, variations MIF were examined various inbred strains mice. When BALB/c (H-2d) and AKR (H-2k) splenic cultured concanavalin A (Con A) serum-free medium, good resulted within 24 48 hr. C3H/He cells under identical conditions produced low levels DBA-2 C57BL/6 (H-2b) made no response. Interestingly, however, could make a response when...

Abstract Purified populations of guinea pig B cells from nonimmunized animals may be stimulated by PPD or LPS to produce MIF. Unfractionated lymphocyte suspensions these do not MIF under conditions. Reconstitution with T abolishes their ability generate detectable A soluble factor obtained cell cultures (MIFIF) is also capable suppressing this activity. Thus suppressor can interfere lymphokine production and effect mediated at least in part a factor. This previously undescribed capacity...