The United States relies on technology. To continue the development of new and expansion existing technologies requires a strong background in science, math, engineering. Because students are falling behind these areas, many universities attempting to reverse this trend attract more their engineering programs through outreach programs. These efforts can take variety forms, with simplest being classroom web-based materials. Outreach also include professional programs, contests, on-campus...

Low-volume meat processing facilities often rely on decentralized wastewater treatment due to cost constraints and the lack of access centralized treatment. Improved characterization these facilities’ is crucial for meeting local groundwater discharge permits. This study also directly correlates systems facility characteristics results characterization. The total nitrogen (TN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphorus (P) reductions ranged from −15% 83%, 43% 95%, −75% 62%, respectively....

Wastewater produced during the wine-making process often contains an order of magnitude greater chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration than is typical domestic wastewater. This waste stream also highly variable in flow and composition due to seasonality wine-making. The recent growth small-scale wineries cold climates increasing regulations present a need for low-cost, easily-operable treatment systems that do not require large amounts land, yet maintain high level cool temperatures....

Phosphorus (P) is a valuable, nonrenewable resource in agriculture promoting crop growth. P losses through surface runoff and subsurface drainage discharge beneath the root zone loss of investment. entering water contributes to eutrophication freshwater environments, impacting tourism, human health, environmental safety, property values. Soluble (SP) from nearly all bioavailable significant contributor eutrophication. The research objective was select phosphorus sorbing media (PSM) best...

ABSTRACT Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the fate of fertilizers proposed for application Alaska shoreline in support Alaskan Oil Spill EPA Bioremediation Project. Fertilizer is thought provide indigenous organisms with nutrients that appear be limited on ocean beaches. The experiments developed strictly test durability, release rates, and procedures a variety fertilizer types. effects tidal movement beach simulated by two separate conditions, static dynamic. condition...

Abstract Anaerobic digestion, an environmental protection technology for treating organic compounds in waste water, produces biogas, resulting a renewable energy source. A protocol including analysis, blending, potential and balance calculations was developed to determine the production from blending food animal wastes. Fruit vegetable water produced crop commodity processing characterized terms of quantity 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Often these wastes have high levels degradable...

The United States produces significant quantities of waste biomass from wastewater treatment, food production, services, and landscape wood debris. This contains essential resources, including water, carbon, nutrients. Conversion carbon to energy recovery nutrients water have the potential reduce use scarce protect environment, save funds. Several established, demonstrated technologies that convert wastes resources are available reviewed in this paper. Included anaerobic digestion, direct...

An aerated greenhouse ecosystem, often referred to as a Living Machine®, is technology for biological wastewater treatment within structure that uses plants with their roots submerged in the wastewater. This system has small footprint relative traditional onsite systems and constructed wetland, can treat high-strength wastewater, provide high level of allow reuse purposes such irrigation, toilet flushing, landscape irrigation. Synthetic actual craft beverage wastewaters (wastewater from...

Farmstead runoff poses significant environmental impacts to ground and surface waters. Three vegetated filter strips were assessed for the treatment of dairy farmstead at soil subsurface 0.3- or 0. 46-m 76-m depths numerous storm events. A medium-sized Michigan was retrofitted with two on sandy loam a third strip implemented small collect treat from feed storage, manure other impervious areas. All able eliminate via infiltration all events over duration study, eliminating pollutant...

When a fast-food restaurant's wastewater containing fats, oil and grease (FOG) is discharged into collection system, it builds up over time clogs pipes. Similarly, when such flows septic soil treatment adheres to the surface of inlet pipes, gravel/distribution media soil, restricting flow eventually clogging system. In this study, an enzymatic pretreatment system was tested on from restaurant determine its effectiveness in preventing clogging. This used aeration equipment, baffles one-time...

An aerobic fluidized bed reactor process with internal media cleaning to control attached biomass thickness was developed. Biomass achieved by the periodic creation of a turbulent zone within specially designed cylindrical screened region surrounding effluent port. A screen washer aided in keeping clean. lifter produced turbulence throughout allow individual particles enter for removal excess biofilm. The system operated continuously without excessive buildup on support and need external or...

ABSTRACT: A solvent washing procedure for the removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from contaminated soils is presented. This can be used in both in‐situ and above‐ground soil applications. The (flushing) was simulated by continuously flushing through a packed bed until effluent PCP concentrations decrease to below detection limit. aboveground ( ex‐situ ) batch tests (reverse isotherms) conducted on soil. Acetone found less effective than ethanol Soil evaluated 20 × 40, 60 80, 100 140 U.S....

Land-based wastewater treatment systems (onsite or decentralized) have been used for many years because of their low cost, energy use, and maintenance requirements compared to conventional systems. Performance depends on the hydraulic organic loadings, soil characteristics, conditions. Although factors impact performance, design criteria are generally based empirical relationships, which do not adequately consider site- waste-specific To improve a system's more accurately evaluate...

This article reviews and provides evaluation guidelines for six major storm water best management practices including bioretention areas, grassed swales/filter strips, infiltration trenches, porous pavement, rain barrels wet detention ponds. A detailed table allows quick easy design comparisons, a separate which site specific cost comparisons. logic diagram is provided as basic tool screening the most feasible practice.

Wastewater generated during food processing is commonly treated using land-application systems which primarily rely on soil microbes to transform nutrients and organic compounds into benign byproducts. Naturally occurring metals in the may be chemically reduced via microbially mediated oxidation-reduction reactions as oxygen becomes depleted. Some such manganese iron become water soluble when reduced, leading groundwater contamination. Alternatively, within wastewater not assimilated leach...

Abstract A treatability study was conducted to determine the potential of white rot fungi remediate soil from a Superfund site that had been contaminated with DDT. tiered approach utilized, starting simple laboratory studies screen fungal strains degrade DDT and culminating pan simulated land farming. Results early tiers indicated Phanerochaete sordida best for remediating soil. In study, fungus ultimately grew very well after second inoculation. However, good growth did not translate higher...

Several food processors use land application to treat process wastewater. Excessive organic and hydraulic loadings can result in environmental harm through surface water runoff groundwater contamination. A recently recognized impact is the mobilization of heavy metals from soil. The serve as electron acceptors when oxygen depleted anaerobic microorganisms predominate. objective this research determine feasibility using moisture sensors predict changes soil environment resulting addition...