The Internet of Things (IoT) leads to an ever-growing presence ubiquitous networked computing devices in public, business, and private spaces. These do not simply act as sensors, but feature computational, storage, networking resources. Being located at the edge network, these resources can be exploited execute IoT applications a distributed manner. This concept is known fog computing. While theoretical foundations are already established, there lack resource provisioning approaches enable...

Driven by developments such as mobile computing, cloud computing infrastructure, DevOps and elastic the microservice architectural style has emerged a new alternative to monolithic for designing large software systems. Monolithic legacy applications in industry undergo migration microservice-oriented architectures. A key challenge this context is extraction of microservices from existing code bases. While informal patterns techniques exist, there lack formal models automated support tools...

Benchmarking the performance of public cloud providers is a common research topic. Previous work has already extensively evaluated different platforms for use cases, and under constraints experiment setups. In this article, we present principled, large-scale literature review to collect codify existing regarding predictability in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds. We formulate 15 hypotheses relating nature variations IaaS systems, factors influence variations, how compare instance...

The advent of the Internet Things (IoT) leads to pervasion business and private spaces with ubiquitous, networked computing devices. These devices do not simply act as sensors, but feature computational, storage, networking resources. resources are close edge network, it is a promising approach exploit them in order execute IoT services. This concept known fog computing. Despite existing theoretical foundations, adoption still at its very beginning. Especially, there lack approaches for...

Predictive business process monitoring aims at forecasting potential problems during execution before they occur so that these can be handled proactively. Several predictive techniques have been proposed in the past. However, far those prediction assessed only independently from each other, making it hard to reliably compare their applicability and accuracy. We empirically analyze three main classes of techniques, which are based on machine learning, constraint satisfaction,...

Docker allows packaging an application with its dependencies into a standardized, self-contained unit (a so-called container), which can be used for software development and to run the on any system. Dockerfiles are declarative definitions of environment that aim enable reproducible builds container. They often found in source code repositories hosted come life execution environment. We conduct exploratory empirical study goal characterizing ecosystem, prevalent quality issues, evolution...

Continuous Integration (CI) has become a common practice in both industrial and open-source software development. While CI evidently improved aspects of the development process, errors during builds pose threat to efficiency. As an increasing amount time goes into fixing such errors, failing can significantly impair process very costly. We perform indepth analysis build failures environments. Our approach links repository commits data corresponding builds. Using from 14 Java projects, we...

Bots that support software development ("DevBots") are seen as a promising approach to deal with the ever-increasing complexity of modern engineering and development. Existing DevBots already able relieve developers from routine tasks such building project images or keeping dependencies up-to-date. However, advances in machine learning artificial intelligence hold promise future, significantly more advanced, DevBots. In this paper, we introduce terminology contemporary ideal Contemporary...

Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently discussed in academia and the general public as support tools for virtually any use case that relies on production of text, including software engineering. Currently, there is much debate, but little empirical evidence, regarding practical usefulness LLM-based such ChatGPT engineers industry. We conduct an observational study 24 professional who have been using over a period one week their jobs, qualitatively analyse dialogues with chatbot well...

For providers of composite services, preventing cases SLA violations is crucial. Previous work has established runtime adaptation compositions as a promising tool to achieve conformance. However, get realistic and complete view the decision process service providers, costs need be taken into account. In this paper, we formalize problem finding optimal set adaptations, which minimizes total arising from adaptations prevent them. We present possible algorithms solve complex optimization...

Cloud computing is gaining more and traction as a deployment provisioning model for software. While large body of research already covers how to optimally operate cloud system, we still lack insights into professional software engineers actually use clouds, the impacts development practices. This paper reports on first systematic study developers build applications cloud. We conducted mixed-method study, consisting qualitative interviews 25 quantitative survey with 294 responses. Our results...

Continuous Integration (CI) and Delivery (CD) are widespread in both industrial open-source software (OSS) projects. Recent research characterized build failures CI identified factors potentially correlated to them. However, most observations findings of previous work exclusively based on OSS projects or data from a single organization. This paper provides first attempt compare the processes occurrences 349 Java 418 financial organization, ING Nederland. Through analysis 34,182 failing...

Software engineering bots – automated tools that handle tedious tasks are increasingly used by industrial and open source projects to improve developer productivity. Current research in this area is held back a lack of consensus what software (DevBots) actually are, characteristics distinguish them from other tools, benefits challenges associated with DevBot usage. In paper we report on mixed-method empirical study usage practice. We findings interviewing 21 surveying total 111 developers....

A simple and effective composition of software services into higher-level composite is still a very challenging task. Especially in enterprise environments, quality service (QoS) concerns play major role when building systems following the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. Inthis paper we present approach based on domain-specific language(DSL) for specifying functional requirements expected QoS inform constraint hierarchies by leveraging hard soft constraints. Acomposition...

We present an approach to model the deployment costs, including compute and IO of Microservice-based applications deployed a public cloud. Our model, which we dubbed CostHat, supports both, Microservices on traditional IaaS or PaaS clouds, services that make use novel cloud programming paradigms, such as AWS Lambda. CostHat is based network allows for what-if cost sensitivity analysis. Further, have used this implement tooling warns developers directly in Integrated Development Environment...

The usage of open source (OS) software is wide-spread across many industries. While the functional quality OS projects considered to be similar closed-source software, much unknown about in terms performance. One challenge for developers that, unlike testing, there a lack accepted best practices performance testing. To reveal state practice testing projects, we conduct an exploratory study on 111 Java-based from GitHub. We tests these five perspectives: (1) developers, (2) size, (3) test...

Continuous experimentation is an up-and-coming technique for requirements engineering and testing, particularly web-based systems. On the basis of a practitioner survey, this article gives overview challenges, implementation techniques, current research in field. This part theme issue on release engineering.

Microbenchmarking frameworks, such as Java's Microbenchmark Harness (JMH), allow developers to write fine-grained performance test suites at the method or statement level. However, due complexities of Java Virtual Machine, often struggle with writing expressive JMH benchmarks which accurately represent methods statements. In this paper, we empirically study bad practices benchmarks. We present a tool that leverages static analysis identify 5 practices. Our empirical 123 open source...

Continuous integration (CI) emphasizes quick feedback to developers. This is at odds with current practice of performance testing, which predominantely focuses on long-running tests against entire systems in production-like environments. Alternatively, software microbenchmarking attempts establish a baseline for small code fragments short time. paper investigates the quality microbenchmark suites focus suitability deliver and CI integration. We study ten open-source libraries written Java Go...

Live testing is used in the context of continuous delivery and deployment to test changes or new features production environment. This includes canary releases, dark launches, A/B tests, gradual rollouts. Oftentimes, multiple these live practices need be combined (e.g., running an after a launch). Manually administering such multi-phase strategies daunting task for developers release engineers. In this paper, we introduce formal model testing, present Bifrost as Node.js based prototype...

Abstract Context As many organizations modernize their software architecture and transition to the cloud, migrations towards microservices become more popular. Even though such help achieve organizational agility effectiveness in development, they are also highly complex, long-running, multi-faceted. Objective In this study we aim comprehensively map journey describe detail what a migration entails. particular, discuss not only technical migration, but long-term of change, on systemic level....