Abstract Research on stream and river temperatures is reviewed with particular attention being given to advances in understanding gained since 1990 investigations of fundamental controls thermal behaviour, heterogeneity at different spatial scales, the influence human impacts nature past future trends. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract The glaciers of western Canada and the conterminous United States have dominantly retreated since end Little Ice Age (LIA) in nineteenth century, although average rates retreat varied from strong first‐half twentieth with stabilizing or even advancing until 1980, then resuming consistent recession. This has been accompanied by statistically detectable declines late‐summer streamflow glacier‐fed catchments over much study area, there is some geographical variation: recent decades,...

This study investigated the sensitivity of streamflow to changes in climate and glacier cover for Bridge River basin, British Columbia, using a semi‐distributed conceptual hydrological model coupled with response model. Mass balance data were used constrain parameters. Climate scenarios included continuation current two transient GCM greenhouse gas forcing. Modelled mass was re‐scale every decade volume‐area scaling relation. Glacier area summer declined strongly even under steady‐climate...

Glacier melt provides important contributions to streamflow in many mountainous regions. Hydrologic model calibration glacier-fed catchments is difficult because errors modelling snow accumulation can be offset by compensating glacier melt. This problem particularly severe with modest cover, where goodness-of-fit statistics such as the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency may not highly sensitive variance associated While mass balance measurements used aid calibration, they are absent for most...

Changes in air temperature, precipitation, and, some cases, glacial runoff affect the timing of river flow watersheds western Canada. We present a method to detect streamflow phase shifts pluvial, nival, and rivers. The Kendall‐Theil robust lines yield monotonic trends normalized sequent 5‐day means nine basins Canada over period 1960–2006. In comparison date annual peak center volume, two other less metrics often used infer changes, our approach reveals more detailed structure on nature...

To our knowledge, this article presents the first test of hypothesis that variation in size-dependent predation risk on hatchings can cause adaptive shifts timing egg hatching and thus size developmental stage new hatchlings. Earlier field experiments documented heavy by flatworms (Phagocotus gracilis) smaller, less developed hatchling salamander larvae (Ambystoma texanum Ambystoma barbouri) but little or no larger, more developmentally advanced larvae. Here, we divided sibships into groups...

We addressed several controversial issues regarding the impact of predatory fish on prey in natural streams Kentucky by experimentally adding green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, to four stream pools that contained small—mouthed salamander larvae, Ambystoma barbouri, while leaving other as fishless controls. monitored density, drift (in and out pools), habitat use larvae before for 1 mo after addition (until began undergo metamorphosis). By quantifying larval density drift, we were able address...

This study examined the effects of glacier cover on summer streamflow across British Columbia, Canada, by applying nonparametric tests to assess trends in August discharge. Field‐significant negative were found for glacierized catchments but not those lacking glaciers. Effects interannual climatic variations accounted regressing against temperature and precipitation July (to account carryover storage). Trend analyses regression residuals suggested first‐order stationarity unglacierized...

Insect outbreaks exert landscape‐level influences, yet quantifying the relative contributions of various exogenous and endogenous factors that contribute to their pattern spread remains elusive. We examine an outbreak mountain pine beetle covering 800 thousand ha area on Chilcotin Plateau British Columbia, Canada, during 1970s early 1980s. present a model incorporates spatial temporal arrangements outbreaking insect populations, as well climatic influence development. Onsets eruptions...

Climate change can markedly impact biology, population ecology, and spatial patterns of eruptive insects due to the direct influence temperature on insect development success. The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a landscape‐altering that infests forests North America. Abundant availability host trees altered disturbance regimes has facilitated an unprecedented, landscape‐wide outbreak this pest in British Columbia Alberta, Canada, during past...

Abstract The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a large-scale climate system feature that influences the surface and hydrology of western North America. In this paper, we review literature describing PDO demonstrate its effects on temperature, precipitation, snowfall, glacier mass balance, streamflow with focus Canada, particularly British Columbia. We how index was developed discuss other patterns resemble PDO. impacts balance from retrospective studies are also reviewed illustrated...

Abstract In this Commentary, we argue that it is possible to improve the physical realism of hydrologic models by making better use existing theory. We address following questions: (1) what are some key elements current theory; (2) how can those best be incorporated where they may missing in models; and (3) evaluate competing theories across scales locations? propose science would benefit from a model‐based community synthesis effort reframe, integrate, different explanations behavior,...

Uncertainty in hydrometric data is a fact of life. Basic assumptions about the nature this uncertainty are necessary every analysis data, and an understanding variability can facilitate effective use hydrologic information. For most twentieth century there has been little change methods many analysts explicitly or implicitly assume that not changed over period record. We argue substantial magnitude published streamflow records transparent to users. Quantifying particularly important context...

Abstract Stream temperature is one of the most critical factors controlling aquatic ecosystem health. Practitioners and researchers from a range fields, including biology, ecology, hydrology, engineering, watershed management, are concerned with how climate environmental changes impacting stream thermal regimes. This primer provides an introduction to various energy water exchange processes that underpin patterns small headwater streams large river systems. An overview exchanges provided,...

ABSTRACT As climatic conditions change globally, so too will stream thermal regimes, with implications for water quality and habitat suitability aquatic life. Stream temperature measurements are sparse in many regions, motivating the development of models that able to extrapolate past future support decision‐making resource management. This study assesses performance air2stream, a hybrid, at‐a‐site model was developed simplify data requirements process‐based while maintaining their...

This study examined water temperature patterns and their physical controls for two small, clearing-heated streams in shaded reaches downstream of all forestry activity. Field observations were made during July–August 2000 the central interior British Columbia, Canada. For both reaches, cooling up to 4°C had been observed daytime over distances ~200 m. Radiative convective exchanges energy at heavily sites on represented a net input heat most afternoons therefore could not explain cooling. In...

This study examined the thermal regime of a headwater stream within clear-cut. The had complex morphology dominated by step–pool features, many formed sediment accumulation upstream woody debris. Maximum daily temperatures increased up to 5 °C after logging, and were positively associated with maximum air temperature negatively discharge. generally downstream distance through cut block, but decreased in two segments over distances tens metres, where topography indicated relatively...

Abstract In much of North America, variables such as temperature, precipitation, snowpack and streamflow are modulated by modes large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere variability the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño‐Southern (ENSO) American Pattern (PNA). this study, we test hypothesis that influence these on air temperature precipitation in British Columbia (BC), Canada, can be explained relation to changes frequencies synoptic‐scale circulation types. A catalogue 13 types was derived...

A 6‐year study documented the effects of clear‐cut harvesting with and without riparian buffers (10 m 30 wide) on headwater stream temperature in coastal British Columbia. The experiment involved a replicated paired catchment design. Pretreatment calibration relations between treatment control streams were fitted using time series daily minimum, mean, maximum temperatures. Generalized least squares (GLS) regression was used to account for autocorrelation residuals. While water 10 did not...